評(píng)論
打印
Politics in the television era
電視時(shí)代的政治
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to identify political ideas.
本課結(jié)束，你將能辨別政治觀念。
PROFESSOR: For the last 5 years in the United States, television has dominated political campaigns. Voters turn on the TV and are presented with constant news coverage of campaigns negative and positive advertisements by candidates, interviews with political experts about the election... and the debates. Television emphasizes the visual. So on TV, it's important a politician looks good. But are looks really the most reliable way to choose the leader of a country?
在過去五年中，美國的電視主宰著競(jìng)選。選民打開電視，就能持續(xù)地看到有關(guān)競(jìng)選候選人正面和負(fù)面的廣告的新聞報(bào)道，還有一些與競(jìng)選相關(guān)的政治人物的采訪…… 還有辯論。電視強(qiáng)調(diào)視覺。因此在電視中，政治家看上去不錯(cuò)是很重要的。但是對(duì)于選舉一個(gè)領(lǐng)袖，好看可靠嗎？
PROFESSOR: Should television have such a strong influence on the decisions we make about our political leaders? In the United States, the presidential debates are one of the most important events of the campaigns. Elections can be won or lost based on these debates. The Great Debate, 196... Two candidates: Richard Nixon and John F.
在選舉政治領(lǐng)袖的過程中，電視應(yīng)該對(duì)選民有很重要的影響嗎？在美國，總統(tǒng)大選電視辯論是競(jìng)選最重要的事件。選舉成敗取決于這些辯論。最偉大的辯論是兩個(gè)候選人：理查德·尼克松和約翰·F之間的辯論。
PROFESSOR: Kennedy. Nixon, a Republican with years of experience. Kennedy, the Democrat candidate, criticized by many as being too young and inexperienced. 196 was the first year the debates were televised. The debate drew over 66 million viewers out of a population of 179 million, making it one of the most watched broadcasts in US television history.
肯尼迪·尼克松，共和主義者，有多年從政經(jīng)驗(yàn)。肯尼迪，民主主義黨候選人，被評(píng)為太過年輕和欠缺經(jīng)驗(yàn)。196是第一年電視辯論競(jìng)選。這場(chǎng)競(jìng)選吸引了6600萬人的觀看，而當(dāng)時(shí)的總?cè)丝跀?shù)是1,79億，使得這場(chǎng)競(jìng)選成為美國電視歷史上最受關(guān)注的電視節(jié)目。
PROFESSOR: Nixon was a champion debater and welcomed the opportunity to debate with his opponent on national TV. But, unfortunately for Nixon, television can be unflattering to the ...."average looking" person. Kennedy had a young, handsome face, and his recent campaigning in California had given him a healthy tan. Nixon, on the other hand, was pale and still recovering from a recent flu. He appeared thin and sickly.
尼克松是冠軍辯手，贏得和他的對(duì)手在國家電視臺(tái)辯論的機(jī)會(huì)。但是，不幸地是，電視里尼克松無疑是長(zhǎng)相一般的人。肯尼迪有一張年輕英俊的臉，并且他當(dāng)時(shí)在加利福利亞的競(jìng)選活動(dòng)也給他一副健康的膚色。而尼克松，臉色蒼白，還沒有從當(dāng)時(shí)的流感中恢復(fù)過來。他看上去有些病態(tài)的瘦削。
PROFESSOR: He arrived at the debate in a gray suit and he refused makeup to improve his color. The TV audience watched Nixon looking sweaty and pale, while Kennedy appeared young, athletic, handsome, and poised. Polls taken after the first debate showed that most people who listened to it on the radio felt that Nixon had won, while most who watched it on television thought Kennedy the winner. In fact, the debates had made Kennedy look like the winner. The "Great Debates" between Kennedy and Nixon forced people to rethink how politics would work in the television era.
他在辯論中，穿著一套灰色的衣服，也不愿意化妝去改善自己的臉色。電視觀眾看到尼克松看上去吃力且臉色蒼白，而肯尼迪卻年輕，體格健壯，英俊并且泰然自若。在第一輪選票結(jié)束，民意測(cè)試表明那些聽廣播收聽辯論的人覺得尼克松會(huì)贏，而大多看了電視精選的人認(rèn)為肯尼迪是贏家。事實(shí)上，電視精選已經(jīng)使得肯尼迪看上去是個(gè)贏家了。肯尼迪和尼克松之間的“偉大的辯論”使得人們重新思考在電視時(shí)代，政治活動(dòng)怎么做才能有效。
PROFESSOR: Not only did they push an unlikely candidate to victory, but they also brought in an era in which television dominated the electoral process.
電視辯論競(jìng)選不僅使得本沒有可能競(jìng)選成功的一方成為贏家，而且也帶來了一個(gè)會(huì)對(duì)政治活動(dòng)起重要影響的電視時(shí)代的到來。
