背景知識(shí)認(rèn)知：

1. FPA: free of particular average 單獨(dú)海損不賠，平安險(xiǎn)

2. WPA: with particular average 擔(dān)保單獨(dú)海損，水漬險(xiǎn)

詞匯精學(xué)：

1. insurance charge 保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)

2. a standard practice 慣例

3. the validity term 有效期

4. underwriter
n. 保險(xiǎn)公司；保險(xiǎn)業(yè)者；承諾支付者；擔(dān)保人

eg. It is the top underwriter of corporate bonds in China.
該公司是中國(guó)最大的企業(yè)債券承銷商。

eg. Depending on whether an operation is invoked by the customer or by the underwriter, the returned behavior may be quite different.
根據(jù)某個(gè)操作是由客戶還是由擔(dān)保人調(diào)用的，所返回的行為可能會(huì)有很大不同。

短語(yǔ)精學(xué)：

be responsible for 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)；是……的原因

eg. Our client wanted to be responsible for testing the application.
我們的客戶想要負(fù)責(zé)測(cè)試這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序。

eg.While it’s long, it’s a great summary of the debate about who should be responsible for social media in an organisational context.
信雖然很長(zhǎng)，但的確是一個(gè)很好的總結(jié)，一個(gè)關(guān)于誰(shuí)有責(zé)任在一個(gè)組織中充當(dāng)媒介的思考。

eg. Employees who used to be responsible for decisions, now have to run it by their boss or their colleagues.
過(guò)去愿意承擔(dān)責(zé)任的員工，現(xiàn)在更愿意把責(zé)任推給老板或是同事。