四.REFUSE TO, MANAGE TO等等

下面我們作一組練習(xí), 學(xué)學(xué)怎么用 refuse to 加上另外一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來說明拒絕作 什么事. 練習(xí)的作法是老師提出一些有關(guān)勞資雙方討價(jià)還價(jià)的問題, 比方老 師問你: "資方拒絕妥協(xié)了嗎?" Did the management refuse to compromise? 接 著老師說: No, 你就回答說: No, they didn't refuse to compromise. 老師也許 問你:"資方拒絕雇更多人嗎?"Did the management refuse to hire more people?

接著老師說: Yes,那么你就回答說: Yes, they refused to hire more people. 在 這組練習(xí)里, 你還可以學(xué)到其他有用的詞匯, 比方 "討論" discuss, "減輕工作 量" reduce workloads, "加薪" raise salaries 等等. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí), 每作 完一句就請(qǐng)你聽老師念正確答案.

M: Did the management refuse to discuss with the union?

M: No

F: No, they didn't refuse to discuss.

M: Did the management refuse to compromise?

M: No

F: No, they didn't refuse to compromise.

M: Did the management refuse to reduce the workloads?

M: Yes

F: Yes, they refused to reduce the workloads.

M: Did the management refuse to hire more people?

M: Yes

F: Yes, they refused to hire more people.

M: Did the management refuse to raise the salaries?

M: No

F: No, they didn't refuse to raise the salaries.

下面我們用 managed to 作一些過去時(shí)態(tài)句子, 說明工會(huì)設(shè)法作了什么事. 練 習(xí)的作法是老師念一個(gè)句子, 比方: "工會(huì)設(shè)法吸收了新會(huì)員." The unions managed to recruit new members. 接著老師提出一個(gè)詞組, 比方 "充實(shí)力量" gain strength, "獲得效率" gain effectiveness, "爭(zhēng)取更好的合同" get a better contract 等等, 學(xué)生就把他聽到的詞組代換到原來的句子里, 在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的 時(shí)候請(qǐng)你也一起作.

M: The unions managed to recruit new members.

M: gain strength

F: The unions managed to gain strength.

M: gain effectiveness

F: The unions managed to gain effectiveness.

M: organize a strike

F: The unions managed to organize a strike.

M: negotiate with the management

F: The unions managed to negotiate with the management.

M: communicate workers' views to the management

F: The unions managed to communicate workers' views to the management.

M: get a good contract

F: The unions managed to get a good contract.

下面我們作一組綜合練習(xí), 用不同動(dòng)詞詞組學(xué)學(xué)美國(guó)勞資雙方怎么解決彼此 之間的歧見.在這組練習(xí)里你可以練習(xí)幾個(gè)很有用的動(dòng)詞,比方 "同意" agree, "威脅" threaten, "合作" cooperate 等等. 練習(xí)的作法是老師用疑問詞提出一個(gè) 問題, 接著老師念出一個(gè)詞組, 請(qǐng)你用老師給你的詞組來回答問題. 每作完 一句, 就請(qǐng)你聽老師念正確答案.

M: What did workers want to do?

M: get higher wages

F: Workers wanted to get higher wages.

M: What did they begin to do ?

M: organize a union

F: They began to organize a union.

M: What did the union manage to do?

M: bargain with the management

F: The union managed to bargain with the management.

M: What did the union threaten to do?

M: organize a strike

F: The union threatened to organize a strike.

M: What did the management agree to do?

M: cooperate with the union

F: The management agreed to cooperate with the union.

M: What did the management decide to do?

M: raise workers' salaries

F: The management decided to raise the workers' salaries.

五.聽短文回答問題

今天我們要聽一篇介紹美國(guó)工會(huì)的文章. 這篇文章不但提到工會(huì)成立的經(jīng)過, 也談到了什么是 "集體談判" collective bargaining.

現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你注意聽.

Nearly 100 years ago, America's working people began to join together to improve their wages and their working situations. They formed unions. The unions presented a united position among workers in discussions with owners of businesses and factories. This idea became known as collective bargaining.

Unions were started at separate local factories. Slowly unions in several factories started to join together. As they gained size, the unions were able to gain strength and effectiveness. By the 1950's unions were successfully representing their members in most American industries.

Unions began as organizations for factory workers. Later skilled workers such as electricians and plumbers organized into unions. Recently professional people have also begun to form unions. Many teachers and nurses, for example, belong to unions. Today the largest unions have several million members.

The unions not only represent the workers in discussions with business management.

They also train workers for jobs, give members money if they lose their jobs, and pay workers pensions when they retire. In many situations, a person is not allowed to take a job unless he belongs to the union.

Unions have become established institutions of American industry. Unions and management have learned to work for the benefit of both workers and owners.

現(xiàn)在我們先把今天測(cè)驗(yàn)的問題聽一遍.

第一個(gè)問題是:

M: Why do American workers join unions?

第二個(gè)問題是:

M: What do unions do nowadays?

第三個(gè)問題是:

M: Are there professional unions in the United States?

現(xiàn)在我們?cè)俾犛⑽睦蠋熡寐俣劝颜恼履钜槐?

Nearly 100 years ago, America's working people began to join together to improve their wages and their working situations. They formed unions. The unions presented a united position among workers in discussions with owners of businesses and factories. This idea became known as collective bargaining.

Unions were started at separate local factories. Slowly unions in several factories started to join together. As they gained size, the unions were able to gain strength and effectiveness. By the 1950's unions were successfully representing their members in most American industries.

Unions began as organizations for factory workers. Later skilled workers such as electricians and plumbers organized into unions. Recently professional people have also begun to form unions. Many teachers and nurses, for example, belong to unions. Today the largest unions have several million members.

The unions not only represent the workers in discussions with business management.

They also train workers for jobs, give members money if they lose their jobs, and pay workers pensions when they retire. In many situations, a person is not allowed to take a job unless he belongs to the union.

Unions have become established institutions of American industry. Unions and management have learned to work for the benefit of both workers and owners.

現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)你回答你剛才聽過的三個(gè)問題. 每回答一個(gè)問題,老師就會(huì)念出正確答 案讓你作個(gè)比較, 看你是不是答對(duì)了. 只要意思答對(duì)了就行, 不一定要每個(gè)字 跟老師的說法一樣. 現(xiàn)在我們開始.

第一個(gè)問題是:

M: Why do American workers join unions?

F: They join unions to improve their wages and working situations.

第二個(gè)問題是:

M: What do unions do nowadays?

F: They represent the workers, train them for jobs, give unemployed members money and pay retirement pensions.

第三個(gè)問題是:

M: Are there professional unions in the United States?

F: Yes, there are.