EU Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso’s Speech At China National School of Administration
　　Beijing, 23 October 2008
　　Ladies and gentlemen,
　　I am delighted to be back in Beijing for the 7th ASEM Summit and to be given this opportunity to address this important school that nurtures your nation’s leaders of tomorrow. I am particularly pleased since the European Commission has had the opportunity to support this school.
　　But let me begin by commending you all for the successful Olympic Games. These Games brought today’s China into homes around the world. It is a vivid picture of a dynamic society undergoing tremendous change. It is a picture that those who were able to attend the Games will carry with them forever. I am convinced that the Games brought the world and China closer together. This is something we should build on for the future.
　　As you all know, we live in dynamic, and sometimes even dramatic, times. I will try to outline some of the main challenges ahead of us-and how they can be met through increased cooperation, as China and the EU have a very important word to say in the way we can, collectively, find global solutions for global problems.
　　In the last month we have witnessed a financial crisis on a scale not seen for many decades. We have seen stock-markets plummet and banks taken over by national governments. Hard-earned savings have disappeared; well-known institutions have ceased to exist overnight.
　　The financial crisis has shown how interdependent we have become. What began as a seemingly isolated issue with sub-prime loans in the United States a year ago gradually spread, showing once again that in the world economy of today, markets and investments know no boundaries.
　　The handling of the crisis has demonstrated that we need more and better long term coordination to ensure transparency and confidence in the market. In order to cushion the impact of the financial crisis on the real economy, we also need to sustain domestic demand and to further promote international trade. Here China’s contribution to world economic activity is crucial.
　　We believe that this crisis was not only about the problems of some financial institutions. The crisis also shows the risks of some macroeconomic imbalances and point to problems with the fundamentals of the global economy.
　　On the European side we have taken a number of decisive steps to overcome the financial crisis. The European Union, through the coordinated action of its institutions, Governments and Central Banks, has reacted promptly and firmly, devoting very large amounts of money to restore the confidence of the public, protect deposits and reestablish the flows of interbank loans. The European Union has also taken a leading role on the world stage, partly by calling for stronger international cooperation, but also by setting an example and showing to the world what concrete actions can be taken.
　　Together with President Sarkozy of France, the current President of the European Council, I went last weekend to Camp David. There, we have agreed with the President of the United States on the need to call an international summit to solve the crisis in today’s global economy. I believe it is very important that China and others give a significant contribution in the process to be launched in Washington on 15 November. As we stated in the joint statement we – President Bush, President Sarkozy and I – issued at Camp David, this summit must review progress being made to address the current crisis and seek agreement on principles of reform needed to avoid a repetition and assure global prosperity in the future.
　　I repeat. The role of China in these circumstances is crucial. Premier Wen Jiabao recently declared at World Forum in Tianjin that the main responsibility of China is to maintain for itself steady and stable economic growth. I very much agree.
　　In 1997/1998, during the Asian financial crisis, we worked together to overcome it. Now, once again, we need a concerted effort from governments and central banks worldwide. It is good that China has taken the initiative in proposing that this matter be discussed at our ASEM summit tomorrow.
　　This greater interdependence is not limited to the financial sector. The new challenges of today are global in nature and therefore, they demand a global response. This applies to issues such as climate change, energy security, terrorism prevention, trafficking and organized crime.
　　We can no longer meet these challenges by closing the door and simply looking after our own house. Instead, we must reach out and seek cooperation, wherever cooperation is more effective.
　　The world is currently witnessing the broadest and deepest wave of globalization ever producing great opportunities but also some risks. Globalisation has helped hundreds of millions from poverty and provided businesses with the possibility to invest and expand abroad. But those same businesses know that they can no longer live on past achievements. Workers around the world fear for their jobs. Globalisation increases competition and exposes weaknesses and poor commercial decisions.
　　When we speak of globalization, it is important to understand that openness and interdependence are the rules of the game. That is why we are so strongly in favour of a truly multilateral approach.
　　These challenges cannot be solved by protectionism, isolation and economic nationalism. We must continue to strive for open and inclusive societies and for open and modern economies.
　　Ladies and Gentlemen,
　　The EU is a successful example of regional cooperation. From a region plagued by war, the EU has now grown to 27 Member States, bringing together in peace 500 million people throughout Europe.
　　Let me give you a few examples of how the EU has developed over the last two decades.
　　? The EU is a single and dynamic market of half a billion people, using the euro – one of the world’s two most important currencies.
　　? The EU is a credible partner willing to share the burden of leadership, while welcoming new partners to the table.
　　? The EU is a growing peace and security actor, with nearly 100,000 peacekeepers, police and combat troops deployed. We have sent troops, police, magistrates and other staff to more than 15 trouble spots, including in the Balkans, Moldova, Afghanistan, the Palestinian territories, Central Africa, Aceh and Georgia.
　　? The EU is the world’s largest development aid donor, delivering over 60% of international assistance.
　　During the same period, the world has witnessed China’s spectacular development. Hundreds of millions have been lifted from the infernal cycle of poverty and underdevelopment, and today China can look to her future with confidence and pride.
　　Since its beginnings, the EU has actively supported China’s opening up and reform policy. We have opened European markets and our companies helped your economic revitalization and employment in China, as well as by transferring technology and know-how through our investments. We have an active and vibrant European business community in China.
　　We have developed cooperation in all fields: from scientific research to education, from energy to the environment, from transportation to tourism, and in many other areas. We have supported China’s accession to the WTO and have welcomed China’s increasingly important role in various international organizations. In other words, we have demonstrated through our policies and actions, our interest in and support for your stability, prosperity and success. We will continue to engage in China’s development, just as we wish for China itself to become more and more engaged in global affairs, in a way that reflects China’s growing global position.
　　Our bilateral dialogue on human rights serves the same purpose. In this important year when we celebrate the 60th anniversary of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it is imperative to redouble our efforts in ensuring that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Human rights are universal; they belong to each and every individual around the world. I hope you – the people of the great nation of China – will join us in celebrating the 60th anniversary and contribute to the spreading and consolidation of human rights.
　　The trend towards a more multi-lateral world is getting clearer. It is positive that other nations are ready and willing to take on global responsibilities.
　　The case for increased cooperation between China and EU is stronger than ever. Together, the EU and China can contribute to solving the problems the world is facing.
　　Relations between China and the EU are good and dynamic. Together, we have developed a strategic partnership in which we cooperate on numerous issues. We are currently elaborating a partnership and cooperation agreement, to better reflect how our relations have developed and to boost those relations for the future.
　　People-to-people exchanges have increased. Our bilateral trade has grown. Today China is the most important source of imports for the EU, and the EU is China’s largest trading partner. Our political, economic and people-to-people contacts have increased exponentially over the last decade.
　　The people of Europe were quick to respond to the devastating earthquake in Sichuan. Many citizens as well as European governments offered help and financial contributions. This Sunday we will hold a conference in Chengdu together with our Chinese partners on how to advance reconstruction and attract investment in that area.
　　Earlier this spring, I headed the biggest Commission delegation ever to travel to a third country, for a meeting with Premier Wen Jiabao to strengthen EU-China cooperation on sustainable development and trade. Indeed, new vistas of cooperation were opened up on that occasion. I am confident that tomorrow’s ASEM Summit and our EU/China Summit on 1 December in Lyon will move our partnership further forward.
　　One issue, however, deserves sustained political attention from leaders on both sides: the trade deficit. We know that this in part reflects the growing competitiveness of Chinese products. But we must also recognise that other factors are involved, which can and must be corrected. We need to work together, in a spirit of reciprocity, to eliminate obstacles preventing the access, in many sectors, of European goods and services to the Chinese market.
　　Our cooperation in the fight against climate change is particularly important. We all now know that climate change is real, that it is caused by human activity, and that its consequences are universal and will be felt first and foremost by the poorest. Yes, it is true that the state of our planet today is a result of industrialization that began generations ago in developed countries. At that time none of us was aware of the consequences. But now we know, and we know that there is no solution without unity.
　　The European Union, responsible for just 14% of greenhouse gas emissions, is taking action to reduce emissions by 20%. But we obviously cannot do it alone. It will serve little purpose if other countries, including China, a huge consumer of fossil fuels, do not join in common action.
　　Yes, there is a cost to reducing emissions, but the cost of global warming and not just in the long term is going to be far higher, including for China.
　　Furthermore, policies and investments dedicated to energy saving as well as replacing polluting energy sources with new and renewable sources of energy will also foster growth, technological development and employment. It is important that efforts to combat climate change stay on track, despite the financial turmoil. Combating climate change is an objective not only for us but also for the future of mankind.
　　Let me conclude,
　　It is for us today to chart the course for the future. Our mutual dependency will continue to grow and the interactions between us will continue to multiply. We on the European side are eager to strengthen our cooperation with China in order to meet challenges of tomorrow. In doing so we must work within a comprehensive, strategic partnership keeping mutual interest and concerns in mind. We must and will continue to view the relationship from a strategic perspective.
　　My meetings with President Hu and with Premier Wen during this visit, will provide an excellent opportunity to review our relationship and chart the course for the future continued strengthening of EU-China relations. I hope you will all take part in that endeavour.
　　Thank you.

中文：
　　歐盟委員會主席若澤?曼努埃爾?巴羅佐先生在中國國家行政學院的演講
　　2008年10月23日于北京
　　女士們、先生們，
　　我很高興能再次來到北京參加第七屆亞歐首腦會議，并且得到在貴院這一培養中國未來領導人的重要學府做演講的機會。尤其令我欣喜的是，歐盟委員會曾經為貴院提供過支持。
　　但是，請允許我首先就奧運會的成功舉辦向在座的各位表示祝賀。這一盛會讓世界各地的許多家庭看到了今天的中國。北京奧運會生動地向世人展示了生機勃勃的中國正在發生的巨變。這一畫面將被親歷過北京奧運會的人們所永遠銘記。我相信北京奧運會讓世界和中國更加緊密地聯系在一起。這種聯系也正是我們著眼于未來而所要加強的。
　　眾所周知，我們生活在一個活躍甚至富有戲劇性的時代。中國和歐盟將在如何在全球范圍內找到共同解決全球問題方面發揮重要作用，我下面將介紹一下我們目前所面臨的一些主要挑戰以及如何通過加強合作來應對這些挑戰。
　　上個月我們見證了一場數十年未遇的金融危機。我們看到股票市場下跌，銀行被政府接管，辛苦積攢的儲蓄蕩然無存，一些知名的機構一夜之間不復存在。
　　這場金融危機顯示了我們之間如此之深的相互依存程度。一年前發生在美國的次級貸款這一看似孤立的事件已逐漸蔓延開來。這再次說明市場和投資在今天的世界經濟中已超越國界。
　　應對這場危機的實踐表明，我們需要進行更多、更有效的長遠協作以保證市場的透明和信心。為了減少這場金融危機對實體經濟的沖擊，我們需要維持國內的需求并且進一步推動世界貿易。在這方面，中國對世界經濟活動的貢獻是關鍵性的。
　　我們相信，這場危機并非僅僅由金融機構的問題引發。這場危機也表明了宏觀經濟不平衡所造成的風險，并且揭示了一些與全球經濟基本面相關的問題。
　　在歐洲方面，我們已采取了一些關鍵性的措施來克服這場金融危機。通過機構、政府和中央銀行間的協調行動，歐盟已經迅速而堅決地做出了反應，注入了數量巨大的資金以期恢復公眾的信心、保護儲戶存款、確保銀行間信貸資金的流動性。歐盟已經在國際上率先行動，一方面呼吁加強國際合作，一方面通過自身行動向世界表明如何采取考試*大具體措施應對這場危機。
　　上周末，我與歐洲理事會現任主席、法國總統薩科奇一道去了戴維營。我們在那里同美國總統達成了一致，認為有必要召開一次國際峰會來解決今天全球經濟所面臨的危機。我相信，中國和其他國家能夠為即將于11月15日在華盛頓啟動的挽救經濟的進程做出重要貢獻。正如布什總統、薩科奇總統和我在戴維營發表的共同聲明中所講的那樣，這一峰會必須總結應對目前這場危機所取得的進步，并在改革原則上取得一致，以避免重蹈覆轍并確保全球的未來繁榮。
　　我重申一下自己的觀點。中國在當前局勢下所發揮的作用是關鍵性的。溫家寶總理最近在天津召開的世界論壇上宣布，中國主要的責任是保持自身經濟扎實、穩定的增長。我非常認同他的觀點。
　　1997年和1998年，我們曾經共同努力戰勝了亞洲金融危機。現在，我們再次需要全球政府和中央銀行共同做出努力。令人高興的是，中國主動提議在明天舉行的亞歐首腦會議上討論應對金融危機這一議題。
　　我們之間日益加深的相互依存并不局限于金融領域。今天我們面臨的許多新挑戰都是全球性的，因此需要全球做出共同應對。這其中包括了氣候變化、能源安全、制止恐怖主義、販賣毒品和有組織犯罪等。
　　我們已經不能以關起門來獨善其身的方式應對這些挑戰。相反，我們必須伸出雙手尋求合作，因為合作能夠更有效地解決這些問題。
　　世界正經歷著一波最為廣泛和深刻的全球化浪潮，這為我們提供了巨大的機會，但同時也帶來了一些風險。全球化已經幫助數以億計的人們擺脫了貧困，并且給企業提供了進行海外投資和擴張的機會。但那些企業也意識到不能夠滿足于已取得的成就。世界各地的工人們在為自己的工作擔心。全球化使競爭加劇，并且使企業弱點和糟糕的商業決策得以暴露。
　　提到全球化，我們必須清楚公開和相互依存是其游戲的規則。這也是我們強烈支持多邊方式的原因所在。
　　這些挑戰不能依靠保護主義、孤立主義和經濟民族主義加以解決。我們必須繼續爭取社會的公開和包容，使經濟更加公開和現代化。
　　先生們，女士們，歐盟是地區合作的成功范例。歐洲曾經是一個飽經戰亂創傷的地區，但歐盟目前已經擴展為27個成員國，將全歐洲5億人口和平地凝聚在一起。
　　我給你們舉幾個例子，說明一下歐盟在過去20年里取得的發展：
　　-歐盟現在是一個有活力的單一市場，有5億人口，所使用的歐元是世界上最為重要的兩種貨幣之一。
　　-歐盟是一個可信賴的伙伴，愿意承擔領導責任，同時歡迎新伙伴的加入。
　　-歐盟在維護和平與安全方面正發揮日益重要的角色，已經部署的維和人員、警察和作戰部隊接近100，000人。歐盟已經向包括巴爾干半島、摩爾多瓦、阿富汗、巴勒斯坦地區、中非、亞齊和格魯吉亞在內的超過15個沖突地區派出了軍隊、警察、安全官員和其他人員。
　　-歐盟是世界最大的發展援助方，提供了超過60%的國際援助。
　　與此同時，世界也見證了中國的巨大發展。數以億計的人口已經擺脫了貧困和落后的陰霾，今天的中國對未來充滿了信心和自豪。
　　歐盟自成立以來始終積極支持中國的改革和開放政策。我們開放了歐洲市場，我們的公司通過轉讓技術和投資促進了中國的經濟振興與就業。許多歐盟工商業正活躍在考試&大中國并發展良好。
　　從科學研究到教育，從能源到環境，從交通到旅游，以及在許多其他領域，我們都進行了合作。我們支持中國加入世界貿易組織并歡迎中國在許多國際組織內發揮重要作用。換句話說，我們已經通過政策和行動表明了對中國穩定、繁榮和成功的興趣和支持。我們將繼續參與中國的發展，同時我們希望中國能夠更多地參與全球事務，這樣才能反映出中國日益提升的國際地位。
　　我們在人權問題上的雙邊對話具有同樣目的。今年是聯合國《世界人權宣言》發表60周年的重要年份，我們必須加倍努力，以保障全人類與生俱來的自由和人格平等。人權是普遍的，它屬于世界上的每一個人。我希望你們，偉大的中國人民，與我們一起慶祝人權宣言發表60周年并且為推廣和加強人權做出貢獻。
　　世界多極化的趨勢日益清晰。許多其他國家準備并愿意承擔全球責任，這將產生積極的影響。
　　中國和歐盟日益加深的合作規模是空前的。歐盟和中國能夠共同為解決世界面臨的問題做出貢獻。
　　中國和歐盟之間的關系是良好而有活力的。我們建立了戰略伙伴關系，在眾多事務上開展了合作。目前，我們正在細化伙伴合作協議，以反映我們業已存在的關系并著眼未來推動這些關系的發展。
　　中歐間的人員交流也已加強。中歐雙邊貿易得到了擴大。中國今天已成為歐盟最重要的進口商品來源國，歐盟是中國最大的貿易伙伴。中歐間的政治、經濟和人員交流在過去十年得到了顯著加強。
　　歐洲人民對發生在四川的破壞性大地震做出了快速反應。許多歐洲人和政府提供了幫助和資金支援。本周日，我們將與我們的中國合作伙伴在成都共同舉辦一個旨在推動災區重建和吸引投資的會議。
　　今年春天早些時候，我率領歐盟委員會歷史上最大規模的出訪第三國的代表團來到中國，與溫家寶總理進行了會談，討論如何加強歐盟與中國在可持續發展和商貿方面的合作。事實上，那次會議已經為中歐間合作開啟了新的前景。我相信，明天召開的亞歐首腦會議和12月1日在里昂召開的歐中峰會將會進一步推動我們的伙伴關系向前發展。
　　然而，有一個問題需要我們雙方領導人從政治方面加以不斷的關注，這就是貿易赤字問題。我們知道貿易赤字部分地反映出中國產品不斷增加的競爭力。但是我們也必須認識到這其中還有一些可以而且必須糾正的其他因素。我們需要共同努力，本著互惠的精神，在許多領域為歐洲商品和服務進入中國市場清除障礙。
　　我們在應對氣候變化方面的合作尤其重要。我們現在都認識到氣候的變化是實實在在的，這一變化由人類活動引發，其影響是全球性的并且將首先波及最貧困的人口。是的，我們星球的現狀是發達國家數代人以前開啟的工業化進程造成的。當時，沒有人意識到這些后果。但是，我們現在認識到了這一點，并且知道只有團結起來才能找到解決問題的辦法。
　　雖然歐盟溫室氣體的排放總量大約只占全球總量的14%，并且我們正在采取行動以爭取在2020年減少排放總量的20%，但我們不可能獨立完成這項事業。如果包括化石能源巨大消費者—中國在內的其他國家不參與共考試&大同行動，我們的努力將不會產生結果。
　　是的，我們將為減少溫室氣體排放付出代價，但我們可能在并不遙遠的將來為全球變暖付出遠高于此的代價，中國也不能例外。
　　此外，旨在節約能源以及用新的可再生能源替代污染型能源的政策與投資也將促進增長、技術進步和就業。盡管我們遇到了這場金融動蕩，我們仍需繼續為應對氣候變化做出努力，這一點非常重要。應對氣候變化不僅是關乎我們自身的目標，而且也將關系到人類的未來。
　　讓我最后總結一下。
　　今天，我們需要為未來發展做出規劃。我們的相互依賴將會繼續加深，我們間的交流也將繼續增加。我們歐洲方面迫切地希望加強與中國的合作以應對明天的挑戰。為此，我們必須在全面的戰略伙伴關系下展開合作，同時要考慮到相互利益和關注點。我們必須也將繼續從戰略高度審視中歐之間的合作關系。
　　我此次訪問與胡主席和溫總理的會談將為總結中歐關系并且規劃我們未來繼續加強的關系提供良好的機會。我希望你們都能參與到這一事業中。
　　謝謝大家！