Remarks at Caijing Annual Conference

在《財經(jīng)》年會2014上的致辭

Gary F. Locke, United States Ambassador to China

美國駐華大使駱家輝

November 18, 2013

2013年11月18日

Thank you very much for the introduction. I’m really honored to be here this afternoon for the annual Caijing Conference, and for this opportunity to begin a panel discussion that’s going to focus on the U.S.-China relationship which is one of the most important bilateral relationships in the world today.

非常感謝芮成鋼剛才的介紹，我很榮幸能夠到這里來參加一年一度的財經(jīng)會議，有機會開始討論美中關(guān)系，這是當(dāng)前世界上最重要的雙邊關(guān)系之一。

Let me just first say that I hope you all enjoyed listening to former U.S. President Bill Clinton, because I always enjoy listening to him whenever he speaks. President Clinton has certainly contributed to the U.S.-China relationship and to China’s economic progress.

首先，剛才大家聽了比爾·克林頓總統(tǒng)的演講，他的確對美國關(guān)系，以及中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)步作出了貢獻(xiàn)。

As he indicated, he has been an ardent supporter of opening trade with China. In the year 2000 before he left office he signed into law the U.S.-China Relations Act which granted China Permanent Normal Trade Relation status which really paved the way for China’s accession to the WTO the following year.

像他剛剛所說，他一直熱心支持美國跟中國的關(guān)系，在2011年美中關(guān)系的簽署使它得到正常的貿(mào)易關(guān)系，這個為中國加入世貿(mào)組織鋪平了道路。

China’s amazing transformation over the past 34 years was greatly accelerated upon joining the WTO. And China’s amazing transformation stands in stark contrast to President Nixon’s first visit to China 40 years ago.

2011年他就加入了，而中國這34年以來驚人的轉(zhuǎn)變在中國加入世貿(mào)之后大大的加快了中國這個驚人的轉(zhuǎn)型和尼克松總統(tǒng)40年前訪問中國有鮮明的對比。

Forty years ago the inter-dependence that characterizes our two economies today would be unimaginable.

In 1972 when President Nixon first made his trip to China our bilateral trade was less than $100 million a year. Investment in each other’s markets was close to zero. Only a handful of American jobs depended on trade with China.Now today, roughly $1.5 billion of goods and services flow between our two countries every single day. America’s largest export market outside of North America is China. And China has actually become our number one foreign destination for U.S. agricultural products.

As many as 800,000 American jobs depend on producing goods and services sold to China, and between 2009 and 2012 under President Obama’s administration U.S. exports of goods and services to China grew by over 65 percent.Of course millions upon millions of Chinese jobs are anchored by trade with the United States, which is now China’s largest export market. In fact the exports from China to the United States exceed exports to all of the EU countries combined.

40年前，當(dāng)時兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)互相依存的成都是不可想象的。1972年尼克松總統(tǒng)第一次訪問中國的時候，那時候美國的雙邊貿(mào)易還不到一億美元，對對方的投資接近于零，只有非常少數(shù)的美國就業(yè)機會依賴于中國的貿(mào)易。現(xiàn)在大約有16億美元的服務(wù)，每天來往于我們兩國之間，美國除北美之外最大的貿(mào)易市場就是中國，而且中國已經(jīng)成為美國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品首要的國外的目的地，有80萬美國就業(yè)機會依賴生產(chǎn)一些銷往中國的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，而2009到2012年我們對中國出口的貨物增長率達(dá)到65%，還有上百萬的中國的就業(yè)機會依賴于同美國的貿(mào)易，美國已經(jīng)成為中國最大的出口市場，其實中國對美國的出口總額超過它對所有歐盟國家的總和。

So people in both of our countries are benefiting from this deep and interdependent economic integration. Given China’s astounding economic growth there’s also been a lot of discussion in the region about the U.S. rebalance or pivot to Asia as we heard from Chairman Wang in his questions to President Clinton. Many in China believe that the goal of this rebalance or pivot is to contain China, to limit China’s rise politically and economically. This is simply not the case. The United States has been a leader in this region for almost two centuries. Our presence in the Asia Pacific has actually helped maintain stability, has actually helped foster economic growth of all the countries in the region, and has helped generate greater prosperity for more of its people. The Asia Pacific is home to more than four billion people, three of the world’s four largest economies, and some of the most vital ecosystems, and taken together the Asia Pacific region accounts for almost 60 percent of the world’s GDP. So this region is critical to addressing virtually every international challenge that we face today. So it’s no wonder that President Obama from the very beginning of his administration identified engagement with the Asia Pacific as one of the hallmarks of his foreign policy, and he set out to substantially increase our investments -- diplomatic, economic, strategic -- in this part of the world.

所以，在我們兩個國家的人民，他們從這種非常深的互相依存的經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化得到了很多的實惠。那么，由于中國驚人的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，很多人就在這個地區(qū)一直在討論，美國再平衡，或者向亞洲的轉(zhuǎn)向，就像王先生問克林頓總統(tǒng)兩次。很多在中國的人他們認(rèn)為再平衡和轉(zhuǎn)向的目的構(gòu)造為了限制中國，限制他們在政治方面和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的崛起。實際情況絕對不是這樣，美國在這個地區(qū)已經(jīng)有將近兩個世紀(jì)一直是處于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位，我們在亞太地區(qū)的存在有助于維護(hù)穩(wěn)定，促進(jìn)所有地區(qū)和國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，有助于給更多人民帶來更大的繁榮。亞太地區(qū)有40億人民的人口住在那里，世界最大的四個經(jīng)濟(jì)體當(dāng)中，三個也是亞太地區(qū)，而且有一些最關(guān)鍵的生態(tài)體系，加起來亞太地區(qū)占全球GDP的將近60%。所以，這個地區(qū)對應(yīng)對我們當(dāng)前面臨的每一個國際上的挑戰(zhàn)都是至關(guān)重要的，所以不奇怪。奧巴馬總統(tǒng)從他執(zhí)政一開始，他把同亞洲地區(qū)的交往作為主要的策略之一，而且實際性的增加了我們的投資，包括外交、經(jīng)濟(jì)和戰(zhàn)略方面在這個地區(qū)的投資。

And to that end we are reenergizing our relationships throughout the Asia Pacific region including with China. Indeed since taking office President Obama has met with President Hu Jintao 12 times and has already met with President Xi Jinping twice since President Xi became President this last spring. Vice President Biden has been to China and actually will again visit in early December. We’ve had numerous cabinet members including the Secretaries of Defense, State, Treasury, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the National Security Advisor here in China. This increased engagement includes an increase in bilateral military engagements. Just last week a PLA team participated in a joint humanitarian assistance/disaster relief exercise with the United States Army. Next year China has been invited to participate with the U.S. naval forces in the first ever Rim of the Pacific naval exercises. So far from trying to constrain China, the United States welcomes a strong and prosperous China that plays a key role in world affairs and works with us to uphold the international rules-based order and to ensure peace and stability throughout the world. Through this rebalance we seek to promote a stable security environment, to establish a regional economic order that is free and fair, open to everyone, and transparent. And we seek to protect the universal rights and freedoms of all the peoples in the region. This vision for America’s engagement with Asia rests on strengthening our longstanding alliances and on forming new partnerships with emerging powers. An important part of this U.S. approach is increasingly building a stable and constructive relationship with China. This relationship will benefit the entire region and indeed the world.

為了這個目標(biāo)我們正在使整個地區(qū)的各種關(guān)系，包括中國的關(guān)系注入新的活力。的確從執(zhí)政以來，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)已經(jīng)和胡錦濤主席進(jìn)行12之次會晤，而習(xí)主席黨主席以來，奧巴馬和他進(jìn)行了兩次會晤，12月初拜登副總統(tǒng)還要再來進(jìn)行訪問，包括國務(wù)部、財務(wù)部、證監(jiān)會主席還有國家安全顧問他們都來過中國。增加的交往也包括在雙邊軍事交往方面，上個禮拜有一個解放軍的團(tuán)隊和美國陸軍參加了一個共同的人道主義救援的演習(xí)，每年我們邀請中國和美國海軍參加第一次環(huán)太平洋的軍演，所以不是限制中國，美國和我們共同合作來維護(hù)以規(guī)則為基礎(chǔ)的國際秩序，來維護(hù)全球和平和穩(wěn)定這樣的一個中國。通過這個再平衡，我們希望促進(jìn)一個穩(wěn)定的安全環(huán)境，建立一個區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序，一個公平的、開放的、透明的制度，而且我們尋求保護(hù)地區(qū)所有人民的普世權(quán)利和自由。美國同亞洲打交道的基礎(chǔ)就是加強我們長期以來保持的同盟關(guān)系，同時和新興強國建立一些新的伙伴關(guān)系。我們這個政策很重要的一部分越來越多的就是要努力同中國建立一個穩(wěn)定的建設(shè)性的關(guān)系，這個關(guān)系會給整個地區(qū)，乃至全世界都帶來好處。

Today the U.S.-China relationship has emerged as one of the most important bilateral relationships in the world, and so our two countries are attempting to develop a new model of relations whereby we are both committed to avoiding the historic trap of strategic rivalry between an emerging power and an existing power. Instead, we’re finding ways to expand the quality and the quantity of our practical cooperation and build trust while constructively managing our differences. This is not a zero sum game where a win for China means a loss for the United States or vice versa. In fact it’s the opposite. The success of the United States is inextricably linked with the success of China. President Obama has stated many times, both publicly and privately, that a strong, prosperous and peaceful China is fundamentally in the interest of the United States of America. At all the various high level meetings that I’ve participated in between our leaders, our cabinet members and our ministers, as well as the 90 established dialogues between our two countries--they’re all designed with a clear goal in mind -- to identify opportunities for cooperation where our interests align, and to manage differences where they do not.

The question, however, is whether the new model of relations can offer real results and real benefits to both of our peoples and for the international community. Merely declaring a new model of relations is not enough. To say the words is an important first step, but the substance of the actions taken and the real results that are achieved will be the true measure of this new model. We need the new model of relations to demonstrate real results when confronting the international challenges that threaten the prosperity and the security of our two countries and indeed the whole world. One area that needs our cooperation is sustainable energy. The United States and China are the world’s two biggest economies, the world’s two biggest consumers of energy, and the world’s two biggest carbon emitters. To solve our energy security problems and to help combat climate change, we simply must work together as partners. Neither China nor the United States can solve the challenges of climate change alone. If China does something dramatic and the United States does not follow suit, all of those efforts will be in vain. And if the United States is able to dramatically reduce its carbon emissions and come up with new technologies to help countries become energy efficient and to reduce carbon emissions, and if China does nothing, then all of those efforts will be for naught.

當(dāng)前，美中關(guān)系已經(jīng)成為世界中最重要的雙邊關(guān)系之一，我們兩個國家正在努力建立一種關(guān)系的新的模式，我們雙方都避免一個新興強國和歷史強國之間的抗?fàn)幍倪@個歷史性的陷井。相反，我們正在努力來擴(kuò)大我們務(wù)實合作的數(shù)量和增加它的質(zhì)量，建立信任，建設(shè)性的管控我們的分歧，這不是一個游戲，不是美國贏，中國輸?shù)模檬窍喾吹模绹某晒ν袊某晒κ遣豢煞值模瑠W巴馬總統(tǒng)多次公開的和私下的表示過一個強的、繁榮的、和平的中國是符合美利堅合眾國的根本利益。而且我剛才提到了很多高層的會議，在我們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間，內(nèi)閣成員之間，部長之間，還有我們90多個對話機制都有一些目標(biāo)，就是要找到一些合作的機制，在利益一致的時候，在不一致的時候要處理好這些分歧。問題就是這個關(guān)系的新模式能不能給兩國人民帶來一些真正的實惠，一些具體的成果，光是宣布有一個新模式這是不夠的，說到這些是很重要的一步。但是，采取的行動的實質(zhì)內(nèi)容和取得的真正的成果將是衡量這個新模式的真正的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地我們希望這個新的模式來展示一些新的成果，在我們面臨國際安全和和平挑戰(zhàn)的時候，這就需要我們合作，領(lǐng)域之一就是可持續(xù)能源，美國和中國是世界上最大的兩個經(jīng)濟(jì)體，能源的最大消耗方和最大的碳排放方要解決能源安全問題，應(yīng)對氣候變化的話，我們必須要作為伙伴共同協(xié)作。光是中國或者美國要單獨行動，這不可能解決氣候變化所帶來的各種挑戰(zhàn)。進(jìn)而，中國作為一個非常重要的世界性的國家，而美國不是合作，所有這些都是白費的。如果美國能夠大幅度的減少它的碳排放，找到一些新的技術(shù)，使得一些國家取得能源獨立的話，減少碳排放的話，要是中國什么都不做，所有這些努力也都是浪費的。

It’s no exaggeration to say that the entire world is looking to China and the United States for leadership on clean energy and climate change. Furthermore, we believe that strengthening cooperation to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons should be a focus of our new model relations. Our shared interest in denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula in a peaceful manner should spur greater cooperation. Similarly, the United States and China share the goal of preventing Iran from developing a nuclear weapon. We appreciate the very close cooperation between our two countries as permanent members of the UN Security Council, and we hope that a breakthrough agreement with Iran can soon be achieved. China’s leaders are continuing to modernize their society and attempting to restructure their economy; to rebalance from a model based on unsustainable infrastructure investment and low cost exports built on low wage manufacturing, to a model driven more by domestic consumption and higher wage innovation. At every level with our engagement with China we’re making the case that China’s own economic goals are best served by adopting international norms regarding rule of law, protection of intellectual property rights, free enterprise, open markets, and fair competition. China needs to relax restrictions on foreign investment and business activity within its borders, especially in the financial services sector; remove special privileges enjoyed by state-owned enterprises so that they have to compete on a level playing field with foreign and domestic firms; and increase policy support for small and medium-sized enterprises which often pioneer the new ideas. A society built on the rule of law that applies to all is good for social stability, economic development, and is essential for innovation. Strong and well-enforced intellectual property rights spark innovation and serve as an engine of economic growth.

這并不是夸張的，可以這么說，整個世界尤其是期待著中國和美國在清潔能源和氣候變化問題上發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用。另外，我們還認(rèn)為加強合作，來防止核武器的擴(kuò)散，這應(yīng)該成為我們一個新模式的觀點，這是一個共同利益，這也應(yīng)該促進(jìn)更多的合作。而美國和中國另外的共同目標(biāo)就是防止伊朗發(fā)展核武器。我們兩國間作為安理會常任理事國所進(jìn)行的密切合作，希望近期內(nèi)能夠同伊朗達(dá)成一個突破，達(dá)成協(xié)議。中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人正在繼續(xù)不斷的使他們的社會現(xiàn)代化，重組他們經(jīng)濟(jì)進(jìn)行再平衡，從過去不可維持的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投資和低成本的出口和低工資的制造業(yè)，要轉(zhuǎn)向更多以國內(nèi)消費驅(qū)動的模式和創(chuàng)新的模式。我們同中國打交道的，每一個層次我們都是表示，我們認(rèn)為從中國自身的經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)來考慮，要采用一些有法律統(tǒng)制這種國際準(zhǔn)則，包括軍事財產(chǎn)，自由企業(yè)，開放市場和公平競爭是最符合它自身的利益，中國還應(yīng)該放松對其境內(nèi)的外國投資和商業(yè)活動的限制，尤其是在金融服務(wù)方面，還有消除國有企業(yè)所享受的一些特權(quán)，讓它在公平的競爭場地上和國內(nèi)外公司參加競爭。還要對中型小型企業(yè)的政策上的支持，對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展是非常重要的，還有一些強有力的強制執(zhí)行的軍事產(chǎn)權(quán)會促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新而成為經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的發(fā)動機。

The Chinese leaders have recognized the need for a more innovation based economy, and so we look forward to more cooperative efforts to strengthen the rule of law, to develop a more independent and transparent judiciary system, and increase intellectual property rights, protections and enforcement. China’s breathtaking development in modernization over the last several decades was due to the reforms and opening up ushered in by Deng Xiaoping in the late 1970s and early 1980s. And just last week at the third party plenum, China’s leaders reiterated their commitment to further reform and opening up, and to turn China’s economy in a more sustainable direction that contemplates a larger role for market forces. We’re encouraged by these announcements. These announcements of changes to the relationship of state-owned enterprises; announcements of interest rate reforms, loosening of the one child policy, rural land reform, among many others. And we anxiously await further details in the months ahead on how these and other reforms will be implemented.

中國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也認(rèn)識到需要更多的創(chuàng)新型的經(jīng)濟(jì)，我們期待能夠有更多的合作加強法制，促進(jìn)一個更有獨立性的透明的司法體制，還有增加知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)和強制執(zhí)行。中國驚人的發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代化這幾十年以來是由于鄧小平在70年代后期，80年代初所進(jìn)行的改革和開放，上個禮拜在中國的三中全會的時候，中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人重申了他們致力于進(jìn)一步的改革和開放，使中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)更可持續(xù)性的讓這個市場力量發(fā)揮更大的作用。這些宣布使我們受到鼓舞，包括對國有企業(yè)的改革，還有利率改革，放松只生一個孩子的政策，還有一些農(nóng)村土地改革等等。我們非常急切的等待能夠聽到更多的細(xì)節(jié)，有關(guān)怎么執(zhí)行這些改革。

Let me take a moment to speak about the issue of human rights which is an essential element of U.S. global policy. In discussing the issue with China or any other country, we start from the premise that all people are entitled to the protections contained in the universal declaration of human rights. These are universal standards and they include the right to due process of law, to be able to speak freely, to associate openly, to pray in the manner one chooses, and to enjoy the benefits of a free and robust press.

We believe that societies that respect human rights and address the aspirations of their peoples are more prosperous, successful and stable. Increasing openness is already transforming Chinese society. As it has around the world, the internet has provided a platform for millions of Chinese citizens to make their voices heard about the issues affecting their daily lives, and it has provided them with unprecedented access to their leaders. From property rights to food safety to environmental protection, Chinese citizens are increasingly engaging in a national dialogue on these important issues aimed at improving people’s lives. I speak of openness because I believe the economic and cultural opening up that began with Deng Xiaoping, has led to a China that is more prosperous, respected and successful. We hope this opening up will continue and accelerate in all aspects. Because China’s own recent history proves that when it unlocks the full potential of its people, great things are possible.

花一點時間談?wù)勅藱?quán)，這是美國全球政策必要的組成部分之一，在討論這個問題，不管是同中國或者任何一個國家談的時候，我們首先的一個前提就是所有人有權(quán)得到《世界人權(quán)宣言》的各項保護(hù)，這些是普世界標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也包括法律的應(yīng)有程序的確立，能夠自由發(fā)言的機會，以自己選擇的方式享受一個自由新聞媒體的好處。我們認(rèn)為尊重人權(quán)的社會，滿足人民期望的社會是更繁榮的，更成功的，更穩(wěn)定的，增加開放性這個做法已經(jīng)正在轉(zhuǎn)型整個中國社會，就像世界各地一樣，英特網(wǎng)已經(jīng)提供一個平臺，讓上百萬的中國公民能夠讓他們的聲音聽到，講講他們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊恍┦虑椋医o他們提供一些空前的機會，能夠接觸到他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。不光是知識財產(chǎn)，還是保護(hù)，所有的這些越來越多正在參與全國性的變化，目前是要改善人民的生活。我說到這個開放性，因為我認(rèn)為鄧小平所開始的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化的開放，已經(jīng)促使中國成為更繁榮，更受到尊重，更成功的一個國家。我們希望這個開放的過程會繼續(xù)下去，而且在各個方面還會加快，因為中國最近的歷史已經(jīng)證明了，在它釋放它的人民全部的潛力，有可能實現(xiàn)一些偉大的成果。

President Obama told President Xi at their historic June California meeting, “The United States welcomes the continuing peaceful rise of China. The United States has an interest in a China that is peaceful, stable, and prosperous. And while we have new leaders in place in the United States with Secretary Kerry as our Secretary of State, and although President Obama was not able to attend the APEC meeting, do not mistake the change in priorities or the change in activities or the change in the schedules brought about because of emergencies back home in the United States as in any way reflecting a lessening of our commitment to the Asia Pacific region or to a more constructive relationship with China. Indeed Secretary Kerry will visit here before too long and Vice President Biden will be here in China in just a few weeks. And many of the people who served in the White House advising President Obama on U.S.-China policy, are now in leadership positions at the State Department. So our commitment to the Asia Pacific region is strong. It is firm. And part of that commitment to the Asia Pacific region includes more interaction, dialogue, and meetings with China. A prosperous China is good for the United States. A strong U.S. economy is good for China. And a strong U.S.-China relationship is good for the entire world. So many of the problems facing the world cannot be solved by the United States alone or China alone. From climate change to halting the spread of nuclear weapons, to finding cures for some of the most dreaded diseases facing the world. The planet is looking for leadership in both the United States and China, working together. We’re making headway, but there’s so much more work that remains to be done. Thank you very much.

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在和習(xí)主席6月份加利福尼亞技術(shù)聯(lián)席會議的時候，他說一個繁榮的中國對美國是有好處的。這一次奧巴馬總統(tǒng)沒有能夠去APEC會議，但是不要誤解，因為我們的一些優(yōu)先的事項，或者我們的活動，或者有一些別的事情有改變，因為那是因為國內(nèi)有一些緊急事情要處理，但是這個根本沒有沒有說明我們減少對亞太地區(qū)的投入，或者改變我們要同中國發(fā)展新的關(guān)系的目標(biāo)。的確，國務(wù)部長可能最近要到來，可能明天年初的時候，拜登副總統(tǒng)要到中國來，所以我們致力于亞太地區(qū)的投入，并且有堅定的決心，也包括我們要同中國的對話，會晤。一個繁榮的中國對美國有利，一個強有力的美國經(jīng)濟(jì)對中國有好處，一個強有力的美中關(guān)系對全世界是有利的。所以，世界面臨的許多問題不可能由美國單獨解決，或者中國單獨來解決，氣候變化，或者核武器的擴(kuò)散，或者一些最可怕的治療方法，這來自美國和中國共同的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力，我們正在取得進(jìn)展，但是還有大量的工作要我們做，非常感謝！

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