一.漢語中常見的非常簡練而獨特的說法
　?。╯hort-hand phrases）的翻譯
　　對于漢語中那些含義深刻而表達簡練的特別說法，在翻譯成英語時，應遵循兩條基本原則：一是盡量參考英語中原有的類似的說法，二是盡量運用英語中的習慣用法。下面舉一些常見的例子：
　　“下?！?To go into commercial business To drop out of (teaching, etc.) and venture into business To be seduced into commerce / industry
　　康居工程 The Affordable Housing Program
　　“貨幣分房” The “own-as-you-pay” housing system
　　“吃飯財政” A “mouth-feeding” budget-a budget much of which is used for a burgeoning government payroll
　　以外貿企業為龍頭 With foreign trade companies as the locomotive / flagship
　　“摸著石頭過河” “To wade across the stream by feeling the way”
　　文化搭臺，經貿唱戲 Cultural events set the stage and trade activities play the star role.
　　大鍋飯 The “big pot” distribution system under which everyone gets the same “portion” irrespective of his work / contribution
　　飯后百步走，活到九十九。 An after-dinner walk a day keeps the doctor away.
　　“金梧桐”企業實 行網上招聘人才。 Companies wishing to attract talents worldwide have set up recruitment homepages on the Internet.
　　帶職分流， 定向培訓， 加強基層， 改善結構。 無情調節， 有情安排。 To stream out redundant government staff with their ranks retained; to provide tailor-made training programs geared to re-entry purposes; to move downward to join and rejuvenate grass-roots organizations and to improve the personnel composition with “fresh blood” injected. To trim out redundancies relentlessly, and to re-assign the laid-offs considerately.
　?。]愛好者語）方寸之間，深情無限。 On these tiny postage stamps, Philatelic friendship “franks.”
　　生意場上“一錘子買賣”的做法 The “grab-the-money-and-run” business mentality
　　堤外損失堤內補 To gain on the swings what was lost on the roundabouts
　　把企業推向市場 To lead/guide enterprises (at their elbows) to the market To let enterprises “swim” / “immerse” in the marketplace

二.帶數字的歸納語的翻譯
　　這是指“三要三不要”之類的說法。翻譯成英語是“three do’s and three don’t’s”。再如“三農問題”（指農業，農村，農民），我們似可把“三農”英譯為rural economy, rural development and rural demography。下面再舉一些例子：（參見下表）
　　“三包”；包修、包換、包退 We offer 3-R guarantees: guaranteed repair, replacement and refund.
　　“三來一補”：來料，來圖，來樣加工；補償貿易 The “Three plus one” trading mix: custom manufacturing (with materials, designs or samples by the customer) and compensation trade.
　　“三公”：公平、公正、公開 The recruitment is based on the principle of equal opportunity, fair treatment and open competition.
　　“三個面向”：面向現代化、面向世界、面向未來 Out education is oriented to the modernization program, to the global perspective and to our nation’s future goals.
　　“四大目標”：建設大港口、扶持大工業、發展大經濟、實現大繁榮 We are determined to build a port of large size, foster an industry of large scope, develop an economy of large scale and achieve prosperity of large magnitude.
　　“四自原則”：自找伙伴，自籌資金，自主經營，自負盈虧 The “four-self” principle: self-supporting in finding partners, self-reliance in raising capital, self-decision in management, and self-responsibility for losses and gains.
　　一個確保、三個到位、五項改革 One goal to attain, three tasks to accomplish and five areas to undergo reform
　　“五講四美”：講文明、講禮貌、講衛生、講紀律、講道德；心靈美、語言美、行為美、環境美 Five merits to advocate and four virtues to promote: civilized behavior, common courtesy, hygienic conditions, proper discipline and public morality; loft sentiments, refined language, good manners and environmental awareness
　　“九通一平”： 通水、通電、通熱、通氣、通下水、通郵、通訊、通閉路電視、通還道路；平整土地 Eight availables and two accessibles: Water, electricity, heat, gas, sewage, post, telecommunications, and closed circuit TV are available. You are accessible to paved roads and leveled ground.
　　八個環境：園區的創新環境、開放環境、法制環境、引進人才環境、繼續教育環境、產業發展空間環境、政府管理和社會服務環境 To create a favorable environment in the Science Park for: technical innovation, outward orientation, operation legalization, talent attraction, continuing education, industrial expansion, governance and service provision
　?。ㄓ⒆g漢）the three-P’s: patience, persistence, and perseverance “三性”：耐性、持久性、堅韌不拔性

三.帶“化”字的表達方式的翻譯
　　漢語比較靈活，許多字后面都可以加一個“化”字，例如下面的“螺馬化”。而英語則不然，不可隨意在任何名詞和形容詞的后面加上相應的詞尾（-ize, -ization, -izing）而使其“化”字化。例如，下面若干個帶“化”字的詞中唯有mechanized一詞是“正宗”的，而其余的“化”字全都是根據意思“繞著彎兒”翻譯的。這樣一來，漢語原文中的簡練有力而整齊劃一的特色就沒有了。但是，意譯的效果也有一定的特點，那就是意思清楚、語言地道；再加上大體整齊，或者有可能的話，爭取做到對稱押韻。
　　男女平等制度化，同工同酬定規化。
　　The equality between men and women is here to stay, and equal work for equal pay is the order of the day.
　　重型裝備的馱運已經從騾馬化發展到機械化。
　　The moving of heavey-duty weaponry has undergone the stage from the use of draught animals to mechanized haulage.
　　干部隊伍要革命化、知識化、專業化、年輕化。
　　The contingent of cadres should be composed of staunch revolutionaries who are better educated, better trained, and younger in age.

四.證書和獎狀的翻譯
　　在把中文的證書和獎狀翻譯成英文時，應該考慮到以下幾個方面：首先當然是要準確傳達原文的內容；譯文中的意思必須正確無誤。這一點是毋庸置疑的。其次是要反映出英文證書和獎狀的文字風格和語言特點。如果我們找來一些英語國家的證書（如結業證書、學位證書、公證書、營業執照等）和獎狀（如學校獎狀、企業獎狀等）加以研究，我們不難看出，其中的文字都十分莊重、嚴謹、貼切，并且都有一些特定的表述方法。此外，英文證書和獎狀在形式上的特征也不能忽視，譯文要盡量模仿其常用的格式。只有這樣，譯文才能稱得上是貫徹了“洋為中用、外為我用”的方針；取得了“達意、傳神、表形”三統一的效果；從而為外國讀者所喜聞樂見。
　　下面是一個中文獎狀的例子。這里提供的譯文（包括格式）參照了英文獎狀的一些特點：
　　發明創造 科技之星獎 為表彰在科學技術 方面做出卓越成就 特此頒發證書 獲獎者 獲獎項目 AWARD This certificate of nomination is presented to Star of scientific/technological invention/innovation (name of recipient) for the outstanding accomplishment of (name of project) Signed by Date