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A Culture of Consent,Nature,June 26th,2013
文明的一致性，2013年6月26日
More than 50 years after the WI-38 cell line was derived from a fetus,
從胎兒體內培養出WI-38細胞株后，50多年過去了，
science and society has still to get to grips with the ethical issues of using human tissue in research.
在利用人體組織做研究方面，科學和社會與倫理問題依然存在分歧。
A scientist grows the tissue into a cell line.
一個科學家將一個組織培養成了一個細胞系。
The cell line becomes one of the most important medical tools worldwide.
這個細胞系成為全球最重要的醫療工具之一。
Millions of lives are saved and millions of dollars made.
數以百萬計的生命得到拯救，并創下了數百萬美元的價值。
The woman who made the breakthrough possible and her family are largely forgotten.
當一個女人完成這種巨大的突破性成就時，她可能幾乎已經遺忘了她的家庭了。
Sound familiar?
這聽起來很熟悉吧？
That story describes the development of the famous HeLa cell line, grown from cancer tissue taken from a poor black woman.
這個故事描述的是著名的海拉細胞系的發展，它成長于一個窮困的黑人婦女身上的癌細胞組織。
Until now, that story has failed to reach the broad audience it deserves.
直到現在，這個故事也未能得到它應有的廣泛關注。
The cell line in this case is called WI-38,
這個案例中的細胞系被稱為WI-38，
in which the initials represent the Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where the early work was done.
縮寫的首字母代表了在賓夕法尼亞州的費城威斯塔研究院的解剖學和生物學。
WI-38 has arguably had an even bigger impact on science and medicine than the HeLa line.
在那里，前期工作已經完成?？梢哉fWI-38比海拉細胞系在科學和醫學的領域有著更大的影響。
They have been widely used for the production of virus vaccines given to many people worldwide
他們已經在全世界被廣泛的用于生產病毒疫苗，
against rubella, for instance, and in research as a prototypical normal human cell.
比如說風疹疫苗，并且被當作一個典型的正常人類細胞在進行研究。
More than half a century ago, a Swedish woman had her pregnancy terminated and the WI-38 cells were grown from tissue samples taken from the lungs of the fetus.
半個多世紀前，一個瑞典女人終止妊娠，而WI-38來自于胎兒肺部的組織樣本。
That makes some people uncomfortable, but fetal tissue remains a useful and common tool in medicine today.
這讓有些人覺得不舒服，但胎兒組織直到今天在醫學界仍然是一個有用的并且常見的工具。
In addition to it use in vaccine production, it has been used to make drugs against rheumatoid arthritis and cystic fibrosis.Thank you.
它除了用于疫苗生產之外，通常也被用于制造治療類風濕性關節炎和囊胞性纖維癥一類的藥品。謝謝。
