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What Signals a Dog Is about to Attack? Time:Wall Street Journal,July 8th, 2013[qh]狗攻擊人的信號，華爾街日報，2013年7月8日
Nearly 5 million dog bites occur in the U. S. each year，according to the American Humane Association.
根據美國人文協會統計，美國每年有近500萬例的狗咬人事件發生。
Ms. Stilwell， chief executive of Atlanta-based Victoria Stilwell Positively Dog Training offers some advice on how to read dog behavior to avoid an attack on a person or other dog.
亞特蘭大的維多利亞斯蒂維積極馴狗機構的首席執行官Stilwell女士就如何讀懂狗的行為以免被狗襲擊或狗之間的相互攻擊給出了以下建議。
People are usually attacked on private property by a dog they know.
人們通常被自己認識的狗咬。
"It happens when the relative has brought his dog over，or it happens at a friend's house，" says Ms.Stilwell."We just let our guard down here."
Stilwell女士說，“通常是在親戚帶著狗來自己家拜訪，或者是在朋友家里，這些地方是我們應該警惕的。”
Obvious signs include barking，growling，if the dog's ears are flat or suddenly prick up.
狗攻擊人的明顯征兆包括狂狀、咆哮。如果狗的耳朵橫著或突然豎起來，那就表明它將要攻擊了。
Some dogs salivate when they are stressed，others cower.
當狗面臨威脅的時候，有些會分泌睡液，有些會退縮。
Says Ms. Stilwell. "Dogs will wag their tails when they are upset or over-aroused."
Stilwell女士說：“狗搖尾巴并不總意味著它們高興，當狗煩躁或被激怒的時候也會搖尾巴。”
Similarly，if an unfamiliar dog rolls on its back to expose its belly，it doesn't necessarily want to be petted. It might be asking you to move away.
同樣的，如果一只不熟悉的狗在地上打滾，把肚子露出來，并不一定是想讓你撫摸它，可能只是想讓你離開。
A dog that attacks is often acting out of fear，says Ms. Stilwell.
她還說，狗通常出于恐懼才會攻擊人。
Those signs of fear may include a dog yawning，turning its head away when someone approaches，tensing up or staring.
恐懼的表現包括齜牙，當有人接近、站起來或盯著它看時，會把頭扭到一邊。
Some dogs will slightly lift one front paw in what Ms.Stilwell calls " the anticipatory paw"，because it shows that they think something negative is about to happen.
有些狗在意識到將有不好的事情發生的時候，會微微地抬起一只前爪，Stilwell女士將這一舉動稱之為“先行爪”。
Another subtle warning sign is when a dog slightly lifts its lip to show teeth.
當狗微微地皺起嘴唇露出牙齒的時候，也是一個微妙的警告信號。
Also，flat tongues are relaxed; curved at the sides means there is tension.
狗舌頭下垂，兩邊彎曲也意味著有意外情況。
"If a dog is on a child and you're pulling it off, you're making the wound on that child deeper, "Ms. Stilwell says.
Stilwell女士說:“狗正咬住一個小孩的時候，如果你試圖把狗拉開，這將會使小孩被狗咬得更深。”
Instead, "take a coat or T-shirt and put it over the dog's head," she says.
相反，“應該拿一件外套或T恤蒙住狗的頭。”她說。
When dogs can't see, they panic and open their mouths.Thank you.
狗看不見的時候會感到恐懼，嘴巴就松開了。謝謝。
