1) Sth. is like/as...as/similar to/the same as/compared to/as if (though) ...(明喻)
　　(e.g. In the eyes of book worms, books are compared to/like a magic blanket that carries them anywhere as they like.)
　　2) Sth. is/refers to/is nothing but...(暗喻)
　　(e.g. For/To a seeker after the treasure of knowledge, learning is rowing across an unbounded ocean, in which hardship is seen as his boat.)
　　3) Sth. is thought of/defined/valued/cherished/seen/esteemed as...
　　(e.g. A true friend is valued not only as your shadow that comforts your body but also as your mirror that helps you find any dirt on your face.)
　　4) A does sth. just as B does sth. else.
　　(e.g. Educative experiences of life can tell us how to get rid of failure, just as weather beaten sailors know how to steer clear of rocks.)
　　5) Sth. means/signifies/stands for/is a symbol(matter/sign/token)of...
　　(e.g. Love is not a matter of seeking self-satisfaction; it is first a matter of giving and then discovering, as an unexpected gift, the deepest satisfaction one can know.)
　　1某事物象/與…一樣/與…相似/與…一樣/被比作…/似乎…
　　例：在書呆子的眼里，書本如同有魔力的飛毯，想去哪兒就能夠去哪兒。
　　2 例：對于尋求知識的寶藏的人來說，學習就象在無邊的海洋上劃船，困難被視為他自己的船。
　　3 某事物被認為/被珍視為…
　　例：一個真正的朋友不僅是證實你身體的影子，而且是幫你發現臉上臟物的鏡子。
　　4 A做…正如B做…一樣。
　　例：人生具有教育性的經歷能告訴我們怎樣擺脫失敗，正如受天氣影響的水手知道怎樣繞過礁石航行。
　　5 某事物意味著…的象征。
　　例：愛情不是尋求自我滿足，它首先是給予，然后是發現一件意外的禮物——一個人所能體會到的最大的滿足。