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SECTION 3: EMPLOYMENT
5. What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are important. TOEFL18
- justice: treat all her employees fairly.
- Know how to give clear and understandable directions: not change too constant.
- Delegating authority well: know how to use the skills of her employees to best advantage.
- Know how to evaluate her employees on a reasonable set of criteria.
- Sets the standards for her employees by her own behavior.
6. The idea of having a single career is becoming an old fashioned one. The new fashion will be to have several careers or ways of earning money and further education will be something that continues throughout life.
Why does each person need have several careers or ways of earning money and lifetime education?
- The enormous changes in technology
- No matter what their field of expertise, people are no longer able to cope with today's fast changing workplace unless they upgrade their skills through further study.
- Many jobs have become obsolete in recent years.
- For example, robots have taken over factory assembly lines in the automobile industry
- Bank employees have lost jobs because now people use ATMs or their home computer for ordinary bank transactions.
- Similarly, travel agencies and retail stores have gone online and the people who used to do these jobs have been faced with a mid-life career .
- The marketplace has become global.
- Competition has increased, and small businesses have been swallowed up by large corporations that are often multinationals.
- Many industries that once flourished in North America, like the textile industry or the shoe industry, now only distribute foreign-made goods here.
- Labour is cheaper in the developing world and so these industries no longer employ the large workforce in North America that they once did. As a result, people have had to retrain and find jobs in other fields.
Technological change will not slow down in the 21st century and so it is likely that more occupations will become obsolete in the future and we will all have to upgrade our technical skills regularly and have some employment flexibility if we are to remain competitive in the workforce.
