五.倒裝句式
主語和謂語有兩種順序:一是主語在前,這和漢語是一致的,稱為自然語序。另一種是謂語在主語之前,叫做倒裝語序。
陳述句絕大多數(shù)都是自然語序,但在某些情況下去需要用倒裝語序。在ielts 閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)下列三種情況:
(1) 以not only 等詞引起的句子,常用倒裝語序。
句子模式:not only 句子1,but(also)句子2。
意思是:不僅句子1,而且句子2。
其中句子1 要倒裝,句子2 不倒裝。but also 中的 also 可以省略。
(2) 比較句式,than 后面的句子可以倒裝,也可以不倒裝。
例如:下面的兩個句子都是對的。
Yang Fan plays tennis better than lin qingxia does yang fan plays tennis better than does lin qingxia.
(3) as 和so 引起的倒裝,表示前面所說的情況也適用于另一人或事物。
如:He is a teacher,as is his brother他是一個牧師,他的哥哥也是。
六.被動句被動語態(tài)由助動詞be 加過去分詞構(gòu)成,時態(tài)通過be 表現(xiàn)出來。
1. Therefore, like the timber barriers, the fanwall barrier can built without expensive concrete footings or piles,speeding the construction time up and reducing costs.
中文譯文:因此,象木屏障一樣,屏障的建造不需要昂貴的混凝土地基,加快了建造時間,降低了費用。
be結(jié)構(gòu)分析:can be built 是被動語態(tài),like the timber barriers 是介詞短語做狀語,speeding the construction time up and reducing costs 是分詞短語做狀語。
七.強調(diào)句式
強調(diào)句型的模式是:It is/was 被強調(diào)部分 that/who 其它部分(形式不變)
1. 可以強調(diào):主語、賓語、狀語。
2. 被強調(diào)部分為人時,that/who 均可,其余用that。
3. 后面的句子為過去時態(tài),用it was,其余用it is
1. It is this desire, together with its lack of fulfillment in most families, that brings about stress in the female parent.
中文譯文:就是這種希望以及它在大多數(shù)家庭中的不能實現(xiàn)給母親帶來了壓力。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:強調(diào)主語This desire, together with its lack of fulfillment in most families.
原句為:This desire, together with its lack of fulfillment in most families, brings about stress in the female parent.
八.其它特殊句式
1. Since both rapid and light rail have electric engines, pollution is measured not from the motor exhaust, but from the power plant generating electricity, which is usually located outside the city, where air quality problems are less serious.
中文譯文:因為地鐵和輕軌都有電子發(fā)動機,所以污染不是從車輛尾氣中測量,而是從產(chǎn)生電力的發(fā)電廠測量,發(fā)電場通常位于城市之外,哪里空氣問題不太嚴重。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:主句中有一個特殊句型:not…but…,意思是“不是……而是……”,一般but 后面的內(nèi)容很重要,是考點。
2. It is not uncommon to see several riders clinging to the outside.
中文譯文:看到幾個乘車人掛在(公共汽車)外面,并不罕見。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:not uncommon 是雙重否定,表示肯定,意思是這種現(xiàn)象很常見。
it 是形式主語,to see several riders clinging to the outside 是不定式短語做實際的主語。
3. This was because the rta had purchased and removed a number of houses to allow the new corridor to be built, exposing to road traffic noises houses which were once located in a quiet back street.
中文譯文:這是因為rta 已經(jīng)購買和移走了一些房屋來建造新的連接公路,因此,將原來坐落于一個安靜的后街的房屋暴露于公路交通噪音之下。
結(jié)構(gòu)分析:exposing 至句尾是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語,在其中改變了句子的語序,正常的語序是exposing houses which were once located in a quiet back street to road traffic noises,,之所以將houses which were once located in a quiet back street 放在句末,主要是因為它比較長,為了避免句子頭重腳輕。