凡是關注雅思考試研究成果的考生都知道，中國考生雅思寫作成績的平均分是很低的，只有5.2左右，究竟是何原因，大家也耳熟能詳，本系列文章將具體從各個方面給考生提供實在的例子，幫考生做到切實的提高。在上一系列中，我們為大家列舉了雅思語言的一些特點，幫助考生詳細分析了達到6分甚至更高的分數的要求標準并提供了相應的方法。

　　其實，剖析雅思寫作的評分標準，除了語言是一個非常重要的要求外，文章審題和結構的安排，以及段落的擴展也都是其評分范圍所涵蓋的。在接下來的系列中，將為大家列舉近年的真題，從審題，結構安排這些方面統一講解。希望考生在考試緊張的時間之內迅速構造分析出文章的結構，做到不離題偏題。這一系列，為大家介紹其中第一類方法 — 讓步法。

　　讓步法
　　I. 概念介紹
　　經過筆者的整理，在近幾年的雅思寫作真題中，有一些題目可以將其歸為一類，他們的明顯特征是，題目中會出現形容詞最高級，only等語氣非常絕對的詞匯，通常它的問題模式都是To what extent do you agree or disagree。過于絕對的命題顯然是站不住腳的，但是又不是全部否定，所以針對這類題型，建議考生可以用讓步法來解決此類題目。即正文分兩或三段，在正文第一段先承認題目中的觀點，再在后兩段舉一到兩個反例。

　　II. 例題示范
　　我們通過一個真題來了解這種方法的使用。
　　1.Individuals can do nothing to improve the environment. Only governments and large companies can make a difference. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
　　拿到一個大作文題目，我們要先審題，找到題目中的關鍵詞是“improve the environment”，而題目中也出現了我們提到的此類題目的標志性詞匯“only”，結合對此類題目的方法分析，我們用讓步法先在主體部分第一段同意上述觀點（即政府和大公司能實現改善環境的），再提出反對意見（即個人也能發揮作用）。接著就輕松的得出正文的安排，前兩段承認政府和公司對改善環境所作的貢獻，正文第三段在肯定前兩者的基礎上提出反駁意見，除了政府和公司，人民在保護環境中也出了力。

　　先看政府和大公司如何改善環境，政府為促進環境的改善，已經采取了很多的措施（adopt feasible measures），如嚴厲懲罰污染環境的人和機構，提倡使用環保袋，少用一次性產品（disposable products），另外大公司可以投入資金（investment）尋求探索新能源，徹底解決汽車尾氣排放等污染問題。正文前兩段結構安排如下：
　　{原創范例} In an attempt to preserve the environment, the related departments have already settled down a range of effective regulations such as severe punishment, to promote the improvement of environment.
　　Besides, with ample funds, the large corporations are qualified to exploit and create new products applying clean energies, thus eliminating the contaminations stemming from old energies.
　　最后，提出個人在保護環境中也能起到關鍵作用（Perform an essential role in），從小事做起。請看下面結構安排：
　　{原創范例} Apart from governments and companies, the individuals are well advised to endeavor to make contributions to this campaign, such as refusing to use disposable products.

　　通過上述正文的論證，我們可以在結尾段得出結論，只有三方共同努力（make joint efforts），對于環境保護才能起促進作用。
　　 2.Housing shortage in big cities can cause severe social consequences. Some people think only government action can solve this problem. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
　　同樣通過審題，我們可以對正文的結構做如下安排，先寫一段讓步段，承認題干的論點的合理性即“government action can combat this problem”，再舉兩個反例，即兩段反對意見，除了政府政策外，人們對房子的觀念（people’s awareness）以及一些房產公司的舉措對解決這個問題都有決定性的作用(key determinant)。通過上述brainstorming, 我們可以寫出全篇文章的框架：
　　Introduction: As a growing number of people find their jobs in urban areas, the increasingly severe housing problem becomes the focus of public.
　　→從原因著手，引出話題：城市住房短缺。
　　Main body 1: It is granted that government action plays a pivotal role in combating housing shortage as a range of policies issued by government have alleviated the thorny problem, such as the construction of satellite towns around the city.
　　→闡述第一個觀點，即題干給出的觀點，政府政策能有效緩解住房短缺。
　　Main body 2: However, on no account can we lose sight of the essential part performed by individuals, a portion of whom are suggested to change their concept and attitude towards housing.
　　→指出人們對房子的觀念和態度需轉換，這對解決問題也有促進作用。
　　Main body 3: Besides, as key determinant, profit-oriented companies of real estate are advised to adopt effective steps, including building high-rise apartment, to use land economically in urban areas.
　　→闡述一些房產公司的舉措也能起緩解作用。
　　Conclusion: Overall, the government, the housing-related companies, and the individuals as well all play a determinant role in resolving the housing shortage.
　　→ 三方共同作用，才能解決住房短缺的問題。

　　III. 相似真題
　　1. Environmental problem is too big for individual countries and individual person to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
　　2. Some people think motorized flight was the greatest invention in the 20th century and it has the biggest impact on our lives. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
　　3. Some people think stricter punishment for driving offenders is the only effective way to improve on the roads. To what extent do you agree or disagree?