1. 基本原則
在通常情況下,陳述部分與疑問(wèn)部分的肯定彼此相反,即陳述部分為肯定式時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用否定式,陳述部分為否定式時(shí),疑問(wèn)部分用肯定式:
He has read the novel, hasn't he?
他讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō),是嗎?
Jim didn't come to the meeting, did he?
吉姆沒(méi)有來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì),是嗎?
2. 當(dāng)陳述部分含半否定詞時(shí)
若陳述部分含有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, nothing, nowhere等否定詞或半否定詞,其反意疑問(wèn)句部分要用肯定式:
Dick rarely got drunk, did he? 迪克很少喝醉,是嗎?
Few people like such a man, do they? 很少有人會(huì)喜歡那樣的人,是嗎?
He seldom comes to see you, does he? 他很少來(lái)看你,是嗎?
Nothing in the book is interesting, is it? 這本書里沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)是有趣的,是嗎?
3. 當(dāng)陳述部分含否定前綴時(shí)
若陳述部分含有帶否定前綴的詞,反意疑問(wèn)句仍用否定式:
It is unfair, isn't it? 這不公平,不是嗎?
It is impossible, isn't it? 那是不可能的,是嗎?
4. 同向反意疑問(wèn)句
同向反意疑問(wèn)句即陳述部分和疑問(wèn)部分同時(shí)為肯定或同時(shí)為否定。這類反意疑問(wèn)句往往具有一定的感情 色彩,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)、驚訝、懷疑等:
"I'm afraid you failed the exam." "I failed, did I? What a shame!"
“你恐怕沒(méi)考及格。”“沒(méi)及格?真丟人。”
【注】這類反意疑問(wèn)句的陳述部分句首有時(shí)有so或oh:
So you did not go, didn't you? 所以你就沒(méi)去,是不是?
"He's an artist." "Oh, he's an artist, is he?"
“他是位藝術(shù)家。”“啊,他是藝術(shù)家嗎?”