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Passage One
When the world mourned Nelson Mandela at his funeral on December 10, 2013, few would remember that early on, (9) the father of the modem South African nation was feared and condemned by many nations for advocating violence.
As young, Nelson Mandela had a rebellious streak. He was a founding member of the Youth League of the African National Congress, combating apartheid at a young age. In 1961, he founded and became co-chairman of the ANC's military wing.
Its tactics included bombing power plants, military installations, and transportation lines.
(l0) In 1962, Mandela was convicted of conspiracy and he began serving a life sentence two years later.
The 1960s brought a change in tactics by groups campaigning for change. Once local and confined to a specific area of conflict, they now focused on the anti-colonial unification of groups worldwide.
The 1970s and 1980s brought heightened fears of the Cold War and global terrorism.
Britain was battling the military wing of the Irish Republican Army. Analysts say Mandela was lumped along with terrorists in western perception.
(11) In 1984, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher narrowly escaped injury when an IRA bomb exploded at a Conservative Party meeting in Brighton. Five party members were killed.
In 1987, Thatcher branded the ANC a terrorist organization.
Following South Africa's transition to black majority rule and Mandela's election as president, many feared his ascension to power.
(12) But those who feared a freed Nelson Mandela pursuing power in South Africa have watched him lead, govern, and forgive.
Question 9. What is the passage mainly talking about?
Question 10. What happened to Nelson Mandela in 1962?
Question 11. What happened to British Prime Minister in 1984?
Question 12. What happened when Nelson Mandela was elected president of South Africa?
文章一
2013年12月10日，當(dāng)全世界都在納爾遜·曼德拉的葬禮上為他哀悼的時候，幾乎沒有人會記起這位現(xiàn)代南非之父曾經(jīng)因為主張暴力而被很多國家譴責(zé)和懼怕。年輕時候的納爾遜·曼德拉有反叛傾向。他是非洲國民大會青年聯(lián)盟的創(chuàng)始人之一，從年輕時就開始對抗種族隔離。1961年，他創(chuàng)建了非洲國民大會的軍事派別，并成為其聯(lián)合主席。此軍事派別的戰(zhàn)略包括炸毀發(fā)電廠、軍事設(shè)施和交通線路。1962年納爾遜·曼德拉被判犯有陰謀罪，兩年以后被判處無期徒刑。20世紀(jì)60年代，戰(zhàn)略發(fā)生了改變，轉(zhuǎn)變成了集體活動。他們曾局限于關(guān)注某一特定區(qū)域出現(xiàn)的沖突，但是現(xiàn)在他們會將注意力集中在聯(lián)合全世界反殖民主義的團(tuán)體上。二十世紀(jì)七八十年代是冷戰(zhàn)和全球恐怖分子更加嚴(yán)重的時期。英國在忙著對抗愛爾蘭共和軍的軍事派別。分析家稱在西方觀念中，曼德拉已經(jīng)與恐怖分子緊密相連。1984年，當(dāng)愛爾蘭共和軍的一枚炸彈在布賴頓的保守黨會場爆炸時，英國首相瑪格麗特·撒切爾僥幸沒有受傷。五名黨員被殺。1987年，撒切爾將非洲國民大會歸類為恐怖組織。后來南非出現(xiàn)了黑人占多數(shù)的統(tǒng)治以及曼德拉當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)的轉(zhuǎn)變，很多人都對曼德拉的掌權(quán)感到恐懼。但是那些對重獲自由并在南非追求權(quán)力的納爾遜·曼德拉感到懼怕的人看到的卻是（英明的）領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、（有力的）統(tǒng)治和（無私的）寬容。
問題9 這篇文章主要在講什么？
問題10 1962年納爾遜·曼德拉發(fā)生了什么事？
問題11 1984年，英國首相發(fā)生了什么事？
問題12 納爾遜·曼德拉被選為南非總統(tǒng)時，發(fā)生了什么事？
譯文屬可可原創(chuàng)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)和交流使用，未經(jīng)允許不得轉(zhuǎn)載
