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Good evening. Everyone ready? Okay. Tonight we will discuss some of the details of the modem printing process. Let's welcome Professor Lee.
Good evening. Thank you for inviting me here. Tonight I will begin with the changes in the printing process introduced in the 19th century. First of all, we should know the first step a 19th-century printer had to do in order to print something. Okay, the first step in the 19th-century printing process was to create the typeset. Let me explain. By the 19th century, printers began using what we now call the hot metal typeset. Hot metal typesetting is a method, um, of creating a relief printing surface by injecting a molten metal alloy into a matrix. You may ask, "What's an alloy?" Hmm. An alloy is simply a mixture of metals to create a new metal. Anyways, this alloy was typically an alloy of lead, tin, and a small amount of antimony. It was pioneered by the companies Monotype and Linotype in the late 19th century, and their typesetting machines dominated the industry for the 20th century. Remember, computers weren't commonplace in the printing industry until the 1980s. Anyways, moving along, the Linotype machine uses a 90-character keyboard to create an entire line of metal type at once. This allows much faster printing than with the Gutenburg-style system, um, in which operators placed down one letter at a time. The machine revolutionized newspaper publishing, making it possible for a relatively small number of operators to set type for many pages on a daily basis.
You mean this was the first new printing process since Gutenburg?
Correct. Let me explain how it works. This new process was produced by Ottmar Mergenthaler in 1886. His Linotype machine was 2.1 meters tall. First of all, a typesetter would put the letter molds to be used to form a line on a page.
Once an entire line of molds was assembled, the machine poured molten type metal into the stacked-up molds. This produced a complete line of type in reverse, so it would read properly when used to transfer ink onto paper. The lines of type were then assembled by hand into a page. But the most difficult process was punch cutting. The cutting of letter punches was a highly-skilled craft requiring much patience and practice. This was almost never done with cutting tools, so they used what is called a counterpunch, which is a type of punch used in the cutting of other punches. I hope I didn't confuse anyone. Does everyone get this?
16. What is the first step of printing process in the 19th century?
17. What can we know about Linotype machine according to Professor Lee?
18. What do we know about punch cutting?
晚上好，大家準備好了嗎？好。今天我們將討論現代印刷方法的一些細節。歡迎李教授。
晚上好。謝謝您的邀請。今晚我將從19世紀引入的印刷方法中的改變開始說起。首先，我們得知道一個19世紀的印刷機在印刷時需要做的第一件事。好，19世紀印刷過程所要做的第一步是創建一個排版。我來解釋一下。19世紀時，印刷廠開始使用我們現在稱之為熱金屬排版的方法。熱金屬排版是一種，嗯，往模型中注入溶態金屬合金來創造凸版印刷表面的方法。你可能會問“什么是合金？”嗯，合金就是把金屬混在一起創造出的新金屬。總之，這種合金一般由鉛、錫以及少量銻混合而成。這是由蒙納公司和連諾公司在19世紀末共同發起的，而且它們的排版機在20世紀控制了整個行業。記住，直到20世紀80年代電腦才成為印刷產業的普遍方法。不管怎樣，繼續說，連諾排字機用一個有90個字符的鍵盤能快速完成整行內容的排版。這種印刷法比古騰堡印刷法快了許多，嗯，操作員在那種印刷方法下，一次只能放一個字母。這種機器讓報紙出版發生了革命性改變，使得少量操作員在一天內排版大量頁數成為可能。
你是說自古騰堡印刷法以后，這是第一種新的印刷方法？
是的。我來解釋一下它是如何工作的。這種新方法是由Ottmar Mergenthaler在1886年制作的。他發明的連諾排字機高2.1米。首先，排字工人把一行內容需要用到的字母模型放在一頁上。
一整行的字母模型都放好以后，機器會將融化的鉛字合金倒在層疊的模型上。這樣就產生了反向的一整行內容，那么再把油墨轉印到紙張上時讀起來就是正確的方向。每一行的內容都是用手擺放整齊，最后形成一頁。但是最困難的過程是穿孔切割。印記沖模的切割是一項高技術手藝，需要極大的耐心和練習。用切割工具很難完成，所以他們使用了一種名為反鉆孔機的機器，它本是用于切割其他鑿子的鉆孔機。希望我的說法沒有讓大家困惑。大家都聽懂了嗎？
問題16 19世紀印刷方法的第一步是什么？
問題17 根據李教授，我們對連諾排字機有什么了解？
問題18 我們對穿孔切割有什么了解？
譯文屬可可原創，僅供學習和交流使用，未經允許不得轉載
