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Scientists have long held that there are differences between men's and women's brains. The Tel Aviv team wanted to find out if those differences are significant enough to create two distinctly different types of brain, just as there are distinctly male and female reproductive organs.
"To answer this question, we looked at over 1,400 brains from different samples," said Daphna Joel, who heads the psychobiology program at Tel Aviv University. "In each sample, we determined the regions showing the largest differences, and then we asked whether these differences can make sure the subject is on the female end or on the male end, and what we found is that this is very rare."
(23) The researchers determined that specific parts of the brain do show sex differences, but an individual brain rarely has all "male" or all "female" traits.
So what are the social reflections of the findings? (24) Joel suggests that we should try to move from the language categorizing people according to their sex toward the language treating everyone according to their specific characteristics and interests. "It means that our assumption that people come in two types, male nature and female nature, which has no scientific basis and people are very different from each other," she said.
(25) While most scientists agree that brains contain varying mixtures of male and female traits, many say that prevailing evidence proves that sex has an important influence on brain function.
Mental health experts, for example, argue that exploring biological differences between male and female brains may help answer questions such as why men are more likely than women to develop autism, while women are more likely to suffer from depression. They say more study is needed to determine in what way and to what extent one's sex influences the brain.
23. What does the Tel Aviv team find out?
24. What should be used for categorizing people according to Joel?
25. What does the prevailing evidence prove?
長期以來，科學家一直認為男性的大腦和女性的大腦是不同的。特拉維夫市的研究團隊想要找出這些差異是否大到可以區分出兩種完全不同的大腦，就如同男性和女性擁有完全不同的生殖器官。
“為了回答這個問題，我們研究了1400個大腦樣本。”特拉維夫大學精神生物學項目的領導人，達芙娜·約珥說，“我們對每一個樣本大腦的最大差異劃定范圍，然后根據這些差異判別大腦屬于男性還是女性，但實際情況往往是無法做出判定。”
研究人員發現，大腦中的特定區域的確呈現出了性別差異，但是個體的大腦幾乎不可能只具備男性或女性特征。
那么這些發現的意義是什么？約珥表示，我們不能按照性別來劃分人群，而是應該根據人類特有的個性和興趣來區分。“也就是說，我們假設人類分為男性和女性，這是沒有科學依據的，人與人之間差距很大”，她說。
雖然大多數科學家都認可，大腦包是男性和女性大腦特征的多種組合可能，但很多人表示一些研究成果證明性別對大腦的功能起重要影響。
例如，心理健康專家認為探索男性和女性大腦差異或許可以幫助回答一些問題。例如，為什么男性比女性更容易患孤獨癥，而為什么女性比男性更容易抑郁。科學家們還需要更多研究來確定性別是如何影響大腦，影響到什么程度。
問題23 特拉維夫大學這一研究小組發現了什么？
問題24 根據約珥所說的，應該用什么來劃分人群？
問題25 研究成果證明了什么？
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