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(20) Cosmetic or plastic surgery often evokes images of famous personalities wanting to alter their appearances through elective surgical procedures. However, reconstructive surgery is a procedure that makes a similar, but different impact on the lives of many around the world, and many of these patients suffer from either congenital defects like a natural defect or from injuries sustained in accidents or as a result of animal bites. Some defects can also be due to the effects of disease or infection. Yet, the individual with such defects often bares more than just outward physical marks: loss of hope and self-worth as well as acceptance is commonplace.
In the past, such procedures were only available in developed countries where the medical expertise and financial resources were available to afford such operations. However, a number of worldwide organizations made up of volunteers make regular visits to developing countries to provide reconstructive surgery to those who could not otherwise receive such care. (21) In addition to the care they provide, these volunteer specialists also provide training to health care workers in these procedures so that local hospitals, nurses, and doctors can become self-sufficient.
The end results of such efforts have transformed lives: the patient now can live with hope for the future and with less fear of being ostracized by neighbors and family, and (22) the health care worker who performs the procedure perhaps feels a greater understanding and compassion for those who suffer from such defects.
There are many ways for people to assist in supporting these volunteer efforts. Although most people do not have the medical expertise to perform reconstructive surgery, they can still donate time, money, and supplies to such organizations. A quick search on the Internet can get you started.
20. Who is plastic surgery often correlated with according to the lecture?
21. What do the volunteer specialists do to help the developing countries?
22. What may the health care workers feel about the people with defects?
整容手術(shù)常常會(huì)令人們聯(lián)想到那些想要通過非必要外科整形手術(shù)來改變自己外貌的名人。然而整形外科對(duì)世界各地的人們帶來了類似但又不同的影響。接受整形手術(shù)的患者要么是因?yàn)橄忍烊毕菀词且驗(yàn)橐馔馐鹿驶騽?dòng)物咬傷留下了永久性的傷疤。還有一些缺陷可能是疾病或感染所致。然而，擁有這些缺陷的人們的傷痛不僅僅來自于外在，喪失希望、自我價(jià)值感低、缺乏自我認(rèn)同感是他們的共同之處。
在過去，這種手術(shù)只有在發(fā)達(dá)國家才可以進(jìn)行。因?yàn)橹挥羞@些國家才可以提供這種手術(shù)所需要醫(yī)療技術(shù)，也只有這些國家的人們支付得起這種手術(shù)所需要的費(fèi)用。然而一些由志愿者組成的國際組織定期到發(fā)展中國家去給本來沒有機(jī)會(huì)接受這種手術(shù)的患者做手術(shù)。除了提供醫(yī)療幫助，這些專家志愿者還為從事這種手術(shù)的醫(yī)護(hù)人員進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，這樣當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院的醫(yī)護(hù)人員就可以獨(dú)立進(jìn)行這種手術(shù)。
這些志愿者的努力改變了一些人的生活：接受過這些手術(shù)的患者現(xiàn)在生活中有了希望，也不再擔(dān)心受到鄰里和家人的排斥了。而進(jìn)行這些手術(shù)的健康工作者們也更能體會(huì)和同情這些有缺陷的人們了。
人們有很多方式可以來幫助這些志愿者的工作。雖然大部分人沒有進(jìn)行整形外科手術(shù)的專業(yè)能力，但是他們可以為這些機(jī)構(gòu)貢獻(xiàn)出自己的一些時(shí)間、金錢或者物資。如果你想開始這樣做簡單在網(wǎng)上搜索一下就可以知道途徑。
20.根據(jù)這段演講，我們可以知道和整形手術(shù)相關(guān)的是什么樣的人群？
21.專家志愿者為幫助發(fā)展中國家做了什么？
22.健康工作者對(duì)有缺陷的人們的看法可能是什么？
譯文屬可可原創(chuàng)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)和交流使用，未經(jīng)允許不得轉(zhuǎn)載
