評論
打印
Passage One
Demand for meat, milk and eggs is growing around the world. (9) To meet that demand, the way these products are produced is changing. The change is from small farms to large industrial operations. This has already happened in the United States. But not everyone is happy with the change. As a result, there is also a growing demand for products growing locally on small farms.
James Lame stopped raising hogs in a small building and built two industrial-scale hog barns. Each of them holds 1,500 hogs. Nearly all pigs are raised this way in the United States now. (10) They had better consistency, better pork quality, and better genetics.
The government says the efficiency of large-scale production in a controlled environment has helped reduce the price of a pork chop by nearly 20 percent since 1998. These efficient and intensive production methods are being used around the world and many experts say that it is a good thing as the demand for meat grows. But livestock expert Carolyn Opio points out that the land, water and feed required to produce it are limited. If we are to produce within the constraints that we are facing today, efficiency is key. But the results of the efficiency are not always necessarily good. (11) The waste from thousands of confined animals can pollute waterways, and produce greenhouse gases. And some health experts are concerned about the antibiotics and other chemicals being put in the animal's feed. Others criticize the conditions in which the animals are kept.
(12) So today a growing number of people are returning to small-scale farming. The hogs eat damaged apples and old pumpkins, this reduces food waste, but this kind of farming also means higher prices. It would just involve people making the choice to buy this kind of food.
9. What is changing when demand for food is increasing?
10. What's the advantage of large-scale production?
11. What's the problem of large-scale production?
12. What do we know about small-scale farming?
文章一
肉、奶、蛋的全球需求量在不斷增加。為了滿足增長的需求，這些產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)方式也在發(fā)生變化。這種變化就是飼養(yǎng)場所由小型農(nóng)場變?yōu)楣I(yè)化的大規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場。這種變化已經(jīng)開始在美國發(fā)生。但并非所有人都認為這是一種可喜的變化。因此，對出自地方小型農(nóng)場的產(chǎn)品的需求量也在增加。
詹姆斯·拉梅放棄了以前的小型豬場，建造了兩個工業(yè)規(guī)模的豬舍。每個豬舍里面有1500頭豬。在美國幾乎所有的豬都是以這種方式飼養(yǎng)的。這種豬的肉質(zhì)更好，且穩(wěn)定，品種也更優(yōu)良。
美國政府稱，自1998年以來，控制環(huán)境下的高效養(yǎng)殖方式使豬排的價格降低了20%。這種高效的密集型生產(chǎn)方式目前已經(jīng)在全世界被采用。專家表示鑒于肉類產(chǎn)品需求的上漲這種變化時好現(xiàn)象。但是畜牧專家卡洛琳·奧皮奧指出足以支撐這種養(yǎng)殖方式的土地、水源以及飼料有限。如果我們想要在目前面臨的限制條件下生產(chǎn)，那么生產(chǎn)效率是關鍵。然而，追求高效的結(jié)果不能保證永遠是好的。數(shù)千只圈養(yǎng)動物的排泄物可能會污染水源，還會產(chǎn)生溫室氣體。一些健康專家擔心人們在這些動物的飼料中添加抗生素和化學物質(zhì)。還有人對這些動物的飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境表示不滿。
因此現(xiàn)在又有很多人回歸了原來的小規(guī)模農(nóng)場飼養(yǎng)方式。這種方式飼養(yǎng)的豬可以以壞掉的蘋果和南瓜為食，避免了食物浪費，但是同樣也意味著肉價更高。當然這也只是對選擇購買這類食品的消費者有影響。
問題9 隨著對食品需求量的增加什么也在發(fā)生變化？
問題10 大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的弊端是什么？
問題11 大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)面臨的問題是什么？
問題12 關于小型農(nóng)場生產(chǎn)我們了解到了什么？
譯文屬可可原創(chuàng)，僅供學習和交流使用，未經(jīng)允許不得轉(zhuǎn)載
