Passage Two
Over the past decade, the environmental movement has exploded onto the minds of mainstream consumers, a fact not lost on marketers and advertisers. Green advertising started in the mid-1980s when issues of the environment muscled their way to the forefront of marketing. Advertisers saw the consumer desire for environmentally safe products and tried to meet the demand as quickly as possible. [29]Not surprisingly, this first wave suffered from rough and poorly conceived marketing efforts. Many advertisers embraced a genuine concern for the environment. [30]But consumers realized that some companies made false claims and exploited the movement, using such nebulous terms as "environmentally friendly" and "green". Consumers grew wary of environmental appeals, and advertisers reacted by reducing its emphasis. [31]Two legal guidelines paved the road to a second wave. In 1992 the Federal Trade Commission established guidelines for green marketing, followed shortly by state governments. California passed particularly stringent laws, setting definitions for terms like "ozone friendly," "biodegradable," and "recycled." According to the state's court, "California seeks to guard against... potentially specious claims or ecological puffery about products with minimal environmental attributes." Texas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Tennessee, Connecticut, and Washington soon followed the Golden State's lead. The rigid regulations have left a number of advertisers confused and frustrated, although some feel that environmental claims have already peaked and are on their way out. Some believe that we've now entered green advertising's third wave, where environmental concerns are now part of the mainstream.

Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. What were some early problems with the first wave of Green advertisements?
正確答案：C
解析：文章提到，第一代的綠色廣告因為市場營銷不佳，所以受到重創(chuàng)，也就是說，很不成功，故選C。
30. What do we know about consumers from the passage?
正確答案：A
解析：文章提到，消費者意識到有些公司在講假話并且濫用綠色革命運動，故選A。A與C意思相反，答案常在兩者間選。
31. How did Green advertisements change after the first wave?
正確答案：B
解析：文章提到，兩個法令的出臺為第二次綠色廣告浪潮鋪平了道路，故選B。