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invalid
a.（指法律上）無效的，作廢的； 無可靠根據的，站不住腳的 n. （需要有人照顧的）病弱者，殘疾者
Unless it is signed, a cheque is invalid.
支票除非簽了字，否則是無效的。
The invalid is gathering strength.
這位病弱者體力正在逐漸恢復。
minimize
vt.（使）減少（或縮小）到最低限度； 極力貶低，對…做最低估計
One of the effective measures to minimize the dangers of driving is to teach people to obey all the traffic rules.
使發生車禍的機會減到最低的有效措施之一就是教育人們遵守一切交通規則。
obscure
a.不著名的，不重要的； 費解的，模糊不清的 vt. 使變模糊，掩蓋
Jude, the Obscure is a masterpiece written by Thomas Hardy, one of the most famous English novelists.
《無名的裘德》是英國著名作家哈代的代表作。
One's success obscured his failures.
一個人的成功使他的失敗顯得微不足道。
The moon was obscured by dark clouds.
月亮被烏云遮住了。
participant
n.參與者，參加者
Susan B. Anthony, the American champion of woman's suffrage, was also a participant in the movement to end slavery.
蘇珊·B. 安東尼是美國爭取婦女參政的倡導者，也是廢奴運動的參加者。
Persuasion
n.說服（力），勸說；信念，信仰
Parents are encouraged to rely on persuasion rather than punishment.
鼓勵父母們依靠說服的方法而不要靠懲罰。
pretext
n.借口，托辭
Don't always use a headache as a pretext for not going to school!
不要老以頭痛為借口不上學！
propel
vt.推進，推動；激勵，驅使
The change in China is being propelled by the new economic upsurge.
新經濟的浪潮正把中國的變革推向前進。
refreshment
n.（pl.）茶點，點心；（精力的）恢復，精神爽快
Ice cream is a good refreshment on a hot day.
冰激凌在熱天是解暑提神的佳品。
Refreshments will be served after the meeting.
會后有茶點供應。
A spa bath in a hot tub is a good way to get refreshment after a busy day.
工作勞累了一天以后，在按摩浴缸里泡個澡，能讓人的精力得到恢復。
revive
vt.使復蘇 vi. 恢復
The drooping plants revived in the rain.
萎蔫的植物在雨中又恢復了生氣。
Hot coffee revived me;I had been cold and tired.
熱咖啡使又冷又累的我恢復了精力。
snatch
vt.奪，奪走；一下子拉，一把抓住；抓住機會做，抽空做 vi. （at）一把抓住 n. 片段
The thief snatched my handbag and ran off.
小偷一把奪走我的手提包便逃之夭夭。
During the exams, I can only sleep in snatches at night.
考試期間，夜晚我只能睡一小會兒覺。
subsidiary
a.輔助的，次要的，附設的n. 子公司，附屬機構
The question of finance is subsidiary to the question of whether the project will be approved.
財務問題是這一項目是否獲準的附帶問題。
tempt
vt.吸引，引起…的興趣；引誘，誘惑
The warm weather tempted us into going for a walk.
暖和的天氣吸引我們去散步。
transition
n.過渡，轉變
Women in menopausal disorders are subject to frequent transitions from high spirits to depression and anger.
有更年期綜合征的女人常常是喜怒無常。
vicinity
n.周圍地區，鄰近地區
The two restaurants in close vicinity compete violently.
兩家鄰近餐廳競爭非常激烈。
vulnerable
a.易受傷的，脆弱的；易受攻擊的，難防御的
Young birds are very vulnerable to predators.
幼小的鳥易受肉食動物傷害。
Young people are vulnerable to the influences of radio and television.
年輕人容易受廣播和電視的影響。
warrant
n.授權令；（正當）理由，根據 vt. 證明…是正當（或有理）的
The Constitution guarantees that private homes will not be searched without a warrant.
憲法保證私人家宅沒有搜查證不得任意搜查。
You had no warrant for doing that.
你那樣做毫無道理。
