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句子結構的錯誤
在英語中按句型來說可以分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句四種，從結構上來說又可以分為簡單句、并列句和復合句三種。句子的結構錯誤是構成句子完整結構的某一成分用錯或者缺少，或者使用了多于成分而造成句意不清的錯誤類型。由于英語語法和漢語語法特點在結構上表現得十分明顯，主、謂、賓結構在數、格、人稱上的一致、連接手段的正確使用以及詞序安排等，都與漢語有著相當大的差異，因此在改錯中也是一大難點。句子結構錯誤類型包括：句子類型使用錯誤、句子成分短缺、平行結構錯誤以及詞組搭配使用錯誤。
例 1
Computer analyzed marketing reports can help
deciding which products to emphasize now, which
to develop for the future, and which to be dropped. 1.__________
本句中三個平行成分 which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to be dropped 結構模式應該一致，均采用不定式主動語態，因而 to be dropped 應改為 to drop .
例 2
When we consider the comfortable circumstances
of a working family today, the life of the workingman
in 1882 seems miserable indeed. But earlier it had
been ever hard. 1.__________
根據上文中“ earlier ”可知，原句顯然是將 1882 年以前的生活與 1882 年時的生活作比較，所以此處 hard 應該改為 harder .
例 3
At the beginning of the nineteenth century working
hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful,
and working conditions being poor and dangerous. 1.__________
在該句中， working hours were from sunrise to sunset, pay was awful, and working conditions being poor and dangerous 三個小分句為并列結構關系，因此必須保持成分和結構上的一致性，故應該將 being 改為 were .
例 4
However, a second person thought that this was
more a question of civilized behavior as good 1.__________
manners.
“ more…than… ”是固定搭配用法，在此句中表示“與其…不如…”的意思，而不是“比…多”的意思;沒有“ more…as… ”的搭配用法，故應該將 as 改為 than .
練習題
1 On the contrary, the intimate atmosphere of the
small college allows the student four years of structural
living in which to expect and preparing for the real world. 1.__________
2 In making his choice among educational institutions
the student must, therefore, consider a great many factors.
Going to school is part of the socialization process,
and so going to the movies. 2.__________
3 The next morning the sun rose like a red ball on the
eastern horizon. But somehow after breakfast it hid
itself behind patches of clouds but it seemed a rain was 3.__________
apparent.
4 But luckily, no sooner had we entered the car when it 4.__________
suddenly began to rain.
5 That is worthy of note about these two groups is that 5.__________
among the 40 people there are only two women.
6 Women members are so less than members that we 6.__________
again think of the outdated prejudice that women are
inferior in intelligence.
7 The best way to avoid using dictionaries when you
are reading English books is to try to remember many 7.__________
words as you can.
8 It is just on that day when I bumped into Miss Helen 8.__________
on my way to work.
9 It is in the cinema not on the street where he lost his 9.__________
wallet which contained $ 1,000 in it.
10 In the future passengers ships will be built to travel
undersea, and special underwater ships will be designed
for mining, fishing, and to exploring unknown areas. 10.__________
