Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

　　1. Y 2. N 3. NG 4. Y

　　5. a member of the human species

　　6. male people only

　　7. a singular pronoun

　　8. men only

　　9. the incorrect grammar

　　10. the plural

　　試題解答(2)

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

　　1.根據(jù)“‘Man’”部分第一段“Man once was a truly generic word referring to all humans，but has gradually narrowed in meaning to become a word that refers to adult male human beings. Anglo-Saxons used the word to refer to all people. One example of this occurs when an Anglo- Saxon writer refers to a seventh-century English princess as‘a(chǎn) wonderful man.’”可見，“man”這個詞最初是泛指所有人的，到了17世紀(jì)還有作家把公主描述成“a wonderful man.”。故此句判斷為YES。

　　2.由“‘Man’”部分第二段中的“By the 18th century，the modern，narrow sense of man was firmly established as the predominant one...Jefferson had to be using the word men in its principal sense of“males，”and it probably never occurred to him that anyone would think otherwise.”可知到了18世紀(jì)“man”這個詞已經(jīng)狹義指男性了。接著作者舉了兩個例子。第二個例子是杰斐遜的《獨(dú)立宣言》。由于當(dāng)時女性沒有選舉權(quán)，杰斐遜所用的“man”是專指男性的。故此句判斷為NO。

　　3.由“The Pronoun Problem”部分第二段最后一句“In 1879，for example，a move to admit female physicians to the all-male Massachusetts Medical Society was effectively blocked on the grounds that the society's by-laws describing membership used the pronoun he.”可知拒絕女醫(yī)生加入?yún)f(xié)會的原因是該協(xié)會的細(xì)則在描述其成員時用的是代詞“he”。因此;原文只是說明了拒絕接納女成員的原因，并沒有提及多少人被拒之門外。故信息不充分。此句判斷為NOT GIVEN。

　　4.根據(jù)“The Pronoun Problem”部分第一段第一、二句“The first grammars of modern English were written in the 16th and 17th centuries.They were mainly，intended to help boys from upper class families prepare for the study of Latin，a language most scholars considered superior to English.”可知現(xiàn)代英語的語法最初寫于16、17世紀(jì)，是為了上流社會家庭的男孩于學(xué)習(xí)拉丁語而寫的。故此句判斷為YES。

　　5.由“‘Man’”部分第一段第三句“Man paralleled the Latin word homo，‘a(chǎn) member of the human species，’not vir，‘a(chǎn)n adult male of the species.’”。可知此題正確答案為“a member of the human species”。

　　6.由“‘Man’”部分第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Studies of college students and school children indicate that even when the broad definitions of‘man’and‘men’are taught, they tend to conjure up images of male people only.”可見即使教學(xué)生了解了這兩個詞的廣義含義是指泛指人，他們?nèi)匀贿€是只想到男性.故本題正確答案為“male people only。”

　　7.由“The Pronoun Problem”部分第二段第一句“‘He’started to be used as a generic pronoun by grammarians who were trying to change a long-established tradition of using ‘they’as a singular pronoun.”可知語法學(xué)家用“he”來作泛指代詞是試圖改變用“they”來作單數(shù)代詞的傳統(tǒng)。故此題正確答案為“a singular pronoun”。

　　8.由“The Pronoun Problem”部分第三段第二句“Studies have confirmed that most people understand‘he’to refer to men only.”可見人們看到代詞“he”想到的只是男性。故此題答案為“men only”。

　　9.由“Solving the Pronoun Problem”部分第一段中的“Most people，when writing and speaking informally，rely on singular they as a matter of course...Some people are annoyed by the incorrect grammar that this solution necessitates，but this construction is used more and more frequently.”可見人們經(jīng)常把“they”用作單數(shù)代詞來解決代詞的性別歧視問題。盡管有人認(rèn)為這種用法不合語法，但它的使用頻率越來越高。故本題的正確答案是“the incorrect grammar”。

　　10.由“Solving the Pronoun Problem”部分第三段中的“Pluralizing—A writer can often recast material in the plural.For Instance，instead of‘As he advances in his program，the medical student has increasing opportunities for clinical work，’try‘As they advance in their program，medical students have increasing opportunities for clinical work.’”可見避免代詞的性別歧視的另一個方法是用復(fù)數(shù)替代單數(shù)。故此句正確答案為“the plural”。