Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

　　1. Y 2. N 3. NG 4. N

　　5. the hours of the night

　　6. maintaining accuracy

　　7. accurate and reliable

　　8. demands of modern technology

　　9. the atomic clock

　　10. natural means

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

　　1. 由“Clocks”部分第一、二句“At best, historians know that 5,000 6,000 years ago, great civilizations in the Middle East and North Africa started to examine forms of clock-making instead of working with only the monthly and annual calendar.., but it has been suggested that the intention was to maximize time available to achieve more as the size of the population grew.” 可見中東和北非的一些民族在五六千年前就開始研制鐘表了。由于人口的增長，研制一定的時間段用于工作”是正確的。因此，答案為YES。

　　2. 由“Sun Clocks”部分最后一段“Another ancient Egyptian ‘shadow clock’ or ‘sundial’ has been discovered to have been in use around 1500 BC, which allowed the measuring of the passage of ‘hours’... For it to work successfully then at midday or noon, the device had to be

　　turned 180 degrees to measure the afternoon hours.”可見要想測量下午的時間，必須在正午將沒備旋轉180度。因此，我們可以斷定這種計時器還不能做到連續、自動測量時間，必須在中午時手動旋轉設備180度。故此題答案為NO。

　　3.由“Water Clocks”部分第一句“‘Water clocks’were among the earliest time keeping devices that didn't use the observation of the celestial bodies to calculate the passage O{time.”可見水鐘是不靠觀察天體來測量時間的最早的設備之一。但文章并沒有進一步提供信息說它是否是第一個這樣的計時設備。因此信息不充分，本題判斷為NOT GIVEN。

　　4.由“Mechanical Clocks”部分第一段“In 1656，‘Christian Huygens'(Dutch scientist)， made the first ‘Pendulum clock’....‘Galileo Galilei' is credited，in most historical books，for inventing the pendulum as early as 1582，but his design was not built before his death.”可以看出，大多數歷史教科書認為Galileo Galilei是第一位早在1582年就設計出擺鐘的人，但直到他去世也沒有制作出擺鐘。第一個擺鐘是荷蘭科學家Christian Huygens制作出來的。故此句答案為NO。

　　5.由“Water Clocks”部分第三句“Most of these clocks were used to determine the hours of the night，but may have also been used during daylight.”可見水鐘主要用于夜間計時。故本題答案為“the hours of the night”。

　　6.由“Mechanical Clocks”部分第三、四句“Huygens’clock，when built，had an error of‘less than only one minute a day.’This was a massive leap in the development of maintaining accuracy， as this had previously never been achieved.”可見這個鐘的誤差每天不到一分鐘。這在計時準確性的發展史上，是巨大的飛躍。因此，本題的正確答案是“maintaining accuracy”。

　　7.由“Quartz Clocks”部分第二段第一句“Quartz clocks continue to dominate the market because of the accuracy and reliability of the performance，also being inexpensive to produce on mass scale.”可見由于其準確和穩定，也由于其成本低，適于大規模生產，石英鐘將繼續占有市場的主導地位。故此題正確答案為“accurate and reliable”。

　　8.由“Atomic Clocks”部分第四段第三、四句“Transportation，financial markets，communication， manufacturing，electric power and many other technologies have become dependent on super- accurate clocks.Scientific research and the demands of modern technology continue to drive our search for ever more accuracy.”可見是科學研究和現代技術的要求驅使我們不斷探尋日益精確的計時方法。故本題答案為“demands of modern technology”。

　　9.由“Atomic Clocks”部分第三段最后一句“From the‘Macrocosm’，or‘Planetary Alignment’， to the‘Microcosm’，or‘Atomic Frequency’，the cesium now maintains accuracy with a degree of error to about‘one-millionth of a second per year’.”可見隨著技術的發展，原子鐘已經可以達到一年誤差大約一百萬分之一秒。比起前面的鐘表不知道精確了多少倍。故本題答案為“the atomic clock”。

　　10.由“Something to Remember”部分第一段“The only thing that should be remembered during all this technological development is that we should never lose the ability to tell the time approximately by natural means and the powers of deduction without requiring crutches to lean on”可見無論計時技術如何發展，我們不能失去通過自然手段判定大概時間的基本能力。故本題答案為“natural means”。