Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

　　1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A

　　8. pigeons

　　9. leading/guiding/directing

　　10. challenge of evolution

　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)

　　1.由“Cracking Walnuts”部分第二段第二句“But this remarkable piece of behavior would seem to be a particularly acute demonstration of bird intelligence.”可見(jiàn)烏鴉借助交通工具軋碎核桃的行為是鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)具有智慧的例證。故本題正確答案為D項(xiàng)。

　　2.由“Do Birds Have Intelligence?”部分第三句“But a new generation of scientists believes that creatures，including birds，can solve problems by insight and even learn by example，as human children do.”可見(jiàn)新一代的科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和其他動(dòng)物電具有智慧。因此本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

　　3.“Good Memory”部分講到有些鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)擁有非凡的記憶力。作者以某類(lèi)北美烏鴉為例。在每年11月份，該烏鴉將近三萬(wàn)粒松子儲(chǔ)藏在廣達(dá)兩百平方英里的范圍內(nèi)。在隨后的八個(gè)月里，它能夠找回90%的松子，無(wú)論它們是否被厚厚的白雪覆蓋。根據(jù)原文“Over the next eight months，it succeeds in retrieving over 90 percent of them，even when they are covered in feet of snow.”可知本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

　　4.由“Making and Using Tools”部分第一段第一句“On the Pacific island of New Caledonia， the crows demonstrate a tool-making，and tool using capability comparable to Paleolithic man's.”可知新喀里多尼亞島上的這種烏鴉所展示的制造和使用工具的能力可以和舊石器時(shí)代的人相媲美。故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

　　5.根據(jù)“Communication Ability”部分第一段最后一句“The work of Professor Irene Pepperberg of the University of Arizona，Tucson，has now shown the general perception of parrots as mindless mimics to be incorrect.”可知教授的工作證明了把鸚鵡說(shuō)話(huà)當(dāng)作愚蠢學(xué)舌的普遍看法是錯(cuò)誤的。由此可以推斷，人們一般認(rèn)為鸚鵡說(shuō)話(huà)是愚蠢的學(xué)舌。故本題正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

　　6.由“Communication Ability”部分第三段中的“While they wander around the forest，they learn the different dialect songs...As soon as a territory-owning male dies，a new young male may move in to take over within 10 minutes.He will immediately start singing the dialect of the territory he is in.”可知年輕的雄鳥(niǎo)學(xué)習(xí)不同的“方言”并不是為了和該領(lǐng)地的鳥(niǎo)交流關(guān)于食物的信息，而是為了在該領(lǐng)地的雄鳥(niǎo)死去后可以占據(jù)該領(lǐng)地，用“方言”統(tǒng)領(lǐng)其他鳥(niǎo)。因此本題的正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

　　7.由“Social Necessity Makes Birds Smart”部分第一句“Scientists believe it is not physical need that drives creatures to become smarter，but social necessity.”可知是社會(huì)需求并非生理需求使生物變得更有智慧。故本題正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

　　8.“Possessing Abstract Concepts”部分最后兩句作者說(shuō)：“The experiment seems to show that pigeons can hold concepts，or ideas，in their heads.The visual concept for the pigeon is Picasso's painting style.”作者舉鴿子為例，講到有些鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)具有抽象概念。故本題答案為“pigeons”。

　　9.根據(jù)“Social Necessity Makes Birds Smart”部分第二段“Some ravens certainly apply their intelligence for the good of the flock...This bird leads the others to his food store，apparently sharing his finding with the rest of the flock.”可知北美的這些烏鴉引導(dǎo)同伴到自己發(fā)現(xiàn)食物的地方，讓大家一起分享食物。故此題答案可以填寫(xiě)“l(fā)eading/guiding/directing”。

　　10.根據(jù)“Intelligence Inheritance”部分倒數(shù)第二句“They would never have met the challenge of evolution without some degree of native cunning.”可見(jiàn)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)是通過(guò)基因遺傳獲得能力和智慧應(yīng)對(duì)進(jìn)化過(guò)程中的挑戰(zhàn)。故本題答案為“challenge of evolution”。