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Method in the madness
瘋狂中的理智
A searching look at what caused the split between Freud and Jung
深度挖掘：弗洛伊德、榮格決裂的原因
Psychoanalysis, as practised by Carl Jung and hismentor, Sigmund Freud, in Zurich and Vienna in the early 1900s came to be known as “a dangerous method”. It is a good title for this absorbing film, written by Christopher Hampton and based on John Kerr's 1994 book about Jung, Freud and Sabina Spielrein, which explores the role Spielrein (Keira Knightley) played in the two men's lives. An 18-year-old Russian patient of Jung (Michael Fassbender), who cured her psychotic hysteriain 1904, Spielrein later became an analyst and an inspiration both to Jung and to Freud (Viggo Mortensen). According to Mr Kerr, she also became Jung's lover, a breach of professional ethicsthat contributed to the discord between the two analysts and their acrimonious parting of ways in 1913.
20世紀初期，卡爾·榮格和導師西格蒙德·弗洛伊德在蘇黎世和維也納使用精神分析療法，當時，此法以“危險”而為人所熟知。故而，冠以這部引人入勝的影片《危險方法》一名十分恰當。該電影由克里斯多夫·漢普頓執筆，改編自約翰·克爾1994年出版得小說。小說主要講述了榮格、弗洛伊德和薩賓娜·斯皮勒林之間的故事，并探討了薩賓娜[凱拉·納特利飾演]在兩個男人的生活中扮演的角色。薩賓娜是榮格[邁克爾·法斯賓德飾演]的病人，18歲，俄羅斯人。1904年，她的精神疾病---歇斯底里癥治愈，之后，她成為了一名精神分析師，并給予榮格和弗洛伊德[維果·莫滕森飾演]極大靈感。根據克爾的小說，薩賓娜成為了榮格的女友---這違背了職業操守，并導致榮格與弗洛伊德關系破裂。1913年，在激烈的爭執中，兩人分道揚鑣。
Directed by David Cronenberg, “A Dangerous Method” contains no exploding heads to remind viewers of his 1981 film, “Scanners”. But Spielrein certainly comes close to blowing up in the opening sequence, in which Ms Knightley gives a harrowing portrayal of the symptoms ofhysteria that turns her face into a twisted, jut-jawed mask of terror at the sadistic paternalabuse that is the cause of the character's illness. Extrapolating a bit, the film-makers speculatethat the doctor-patient affair was spiced up by re-enactments of those paternal spankings.
《危險方法》由大衛·柯南伯格執導。“爆頭”這一元素能讓觀眾回憶起大衛1981年的影片《奪命兇靈》，但這類場景并未出現在該片中。不過，在影片開頭的一組鏡頭中，斯皮勒林的狀態確實接近“爆炸”。凱拉·奈特莉呈現得歇斯底里癥著實恐怖：面對父親的虐待(這是她致病的原因)，她無比驚恐，臉部扭曲，下巴突出。筆者推測，電影制作者們覺得將“父親虐兒”的橋段再次搬上銀幕能增強“醫生-病人羅曼史”的效果。
As “A Dangerous Method” threads its way through the labyrinth of words that these brilliant,questioning people use to probe, seduce and wound one another, it deftly dramatises theintellectual differences that brought about the Freud-Jung split without actually giving either man the last word. Portraying Freud as a witty patriarch, the film seems to side with him against hisstiff-necked protégé. Freudians will conclude that Jung is wallowing in mysticism to hide from the truth and that his sexual urges almost destroyed his marriage and his patient's sanity. It is atribute to both men's ideas, and the creativity of the film-makers, that Jungians (and Cronenbergians) are equally free to see the myth-haunted Swiss psychoanalyst as a tragic incarnation of Orpheus, who should never have looked back at Eurydice when rescuing her from the underworld of Hades.
這些充滿智慧又滿腹疑問的人物用令人費解的話語相互追問，彼此引誘，又互相傷害。《危險方法》一片以這些談話為主線，同時，巧妙地將造成弗洛依德-榮格分歧的思維差異搬上銀幕，而兩人孰對孰錯，影片未真正給出最終的定論。在刻畫弗洛伊德這個人物上，本片似乎站在他的一邊，以一個機智的長者形象取代頑固的后生形象。弗洛伊德的信徒們會說，為了掩蓋真相，榮格沉湎于神秘論中;他的性沖動幾乎摧毀了他的婚姻，奪走了其病人的理智。這部影片贊頌了弗洛伊德與榮格的思想，體現了電影工作人員的創造力。榮格的信徒(以及柯南伯格的粉絲們)能在片中隨時看到這位被神話縈繞的瑞士精神分析學家，化身為俄爾普斯，在將愛人歐律狄刻救出哈迪斯的冥界前，萬不可回頭看愛人一眼。
