Passage Two

　　Supporters of the biotech industry have accused an American scientist of misconduct after she testified to the New Zealand government that a genetically modified(GM) bacterium could cause serious damage if released。

　　The New Zealand Life Sciences Network, an association of pro-GM scientists and organizations, says the view expressed by Elaine Ingham, a soil biologist at Oregon State University in Corvallis, was exaggerated and irresponsible. It has asked her university to discipline her。

　　But Ingham stands by her comments and says the complaints are an attempt to silence her. "They're trying to cause trouble with my university and get me fired," Ingham told New Scientist。

　　The controversy began on 1 February, when Ingham testified before New Zealand's Royal Commission on Genetic Modification, which will determine how to regulate GM organisms. Ingham claimed that a GM version of a common soil bacterium could spread and destroy plants if released into the wild. Other researchers had previously modified the bacterium to produce alcohol from organic waste. But Ingham says that when she put it in soil with wheat plants, all of the plants died within a week。.

　　"We would lose terrestrial(陸生的)plants... this is an organism that is potentially deadly to the continued survival of human beings," she told the commission. She added that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) canceled its approval for field tests using the organism once she had told them about her research in 1999.

　　But last week the New Zealand Life Sciences Network accused Ingham of "presenting inaccurate, careless and exaggerated information" and "generating speculative doomsday scenarios (世界末日的局面)that are not scientifically supportable". They say that her study doesn't even show that the bacteria would survive in the wild, much less kill massive numbers of plants. What's more, the network says that contrary to Ingham's claims, the EPA. was never asked to consider the organism for field trials。

　　The EPA has not commented on the dispute. But an e-mail to the network from Janet Anderson, director of the EPA's bio pesticides (生物殺蟲劑)division, says "there is no record of a review and/or clearance to field test"。

　　Ingham says EPA officials had told her that the organism was approved for field tests, but says she has few details. It's also not clear whether the organism, first engineered by a German institute for biotechnology, is still in use。

　　Whether Ingham is right or wrong, her supporters say opponents are trying unfairly to silence her。

　　"I think her concerns should be taken seriously. She shouldn't be harassed in this way," says Ann Clarke, a plant biologist at the University of Guelph in Canada who also testified before the commission. "It's an attempt to silence the opposition."

　　57. The passage centers on the controversy ______。

　　A) between American and New Zealand biologists over genetic modification

　　B) as to whether the study of genetic modification should be continued

　　C) over the possible adverse effect of a GM bacterium on plants

　　D) about whether Elaine Ingham should be fired by her university

　　58. Ingham insists that her testimony is based on ______。

　　A) evidence provided by the EPA of the United States

　　B) the results of an experiment she conducted herself

　　C) evidence from her collaborative research with German biologists

　　D) the results of extensive field tests in Corvallis, Oregon

　　59. According to Janet Anderson, the EPA ______。

　　A) has canceled its approval for field tests of the GM organism

　　B) hasn't reviewed the timings of Ingham's research

　　C) has approved field tests using the GM organism

　　D) hasn't given permission to field test the GM organism

　　60. According to Ann Clarke, the New Zealand Life Sciences Network ______。

　　A) should gather evidence to discredit Ingham's claims

　　B) should require that the research by their biologists be regulated

　　C) shouldn't demand that Ingham be disciplined for voicing her views

　　D) shouldn't appease the opposition in such a quiet way

　　61. Which of the following statements about Ingham is TRUE?

　　A) Her testimony hasn't been supported by the EPA。

　　B) Her credibility as a scientist hasn't been undermined。

　　C) She is firmly supported by her university。

　　D) She has made great contributions to the study of GM bacteria。

　　Part Ⅴ Error Correction (15 minutes)

　　Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (—) in the blank。

The Seattle Times company is one newspaper firm that has

recognized the need for change and done something about it. In the

newspaper industry, papers must reflect the diversity of the communities

to which they provide information. It must reflect that diversity with their 62. ______。

news coverage or risk losing their readers' interest and their advertisers'

support. Operating within Seattle, which has 20 percents racial 63. ______。

minorities, the paper has put into place policies and procedures for hiring

and maintain a diverse workforce. The underlying reason for the change is 64. ______。

that for information to be fair, appropriate, and subjective, it should be 65. ______。

reported by the same kind of population that reads it。

A diversity committee composed of reporters, editors, and

photographers meets regularly to value the Seattle Times' content and to 66. ______。

educate the rest of the newsroom staff about diversity issues. In an 67. ______。

addition, the paper instituted a content audit (審查) that evaluates the

frequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in 68. ______。

photographs. Early audits showed that minorities were pictured far too

infrequently and were pictured with a disproportionate number of negative

articles. The audit has resulted from improvement in the frequency of 69. ______。

majority representation and their portrayal in neutral or positive 70. ______。

situations. And, with a result, the Seattle Times has improved as a 71. ______。

newspaper. The diversity training and content audits helped the Seattle

Times Company to win the Personnel Journal Optimas Award for

excellence in managing change。

　　Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)

　　Directions: Complete the following sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets。

　　72. It was essential that __________________________ (我們在月底前簽訂合同)。

　　73. To our delight, she __________________________ (進大學一個月就適應了校園生活)。

　　74. The new government was accused __________________________ (未實現其降低失業率的承諾)。

　　75. The workmen think __________________________ (遵守安全規則很重要)。

　　76. The customer complained that no sooner __________________________ (他剛試著使用這臺機器，它就不運轉了)。