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Sporting activities are essentially modified forms of
hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern footballer __1__
is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting pack. His
killing weapon has turned into a harmless football and his prey
into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate and he scores a goal, ___2___
enjoys the hunter’s triumph of killing his prey. ___3___
To understand how this transformation has taken place we
must briefly look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a ___4___
million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival ___5___
depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure
their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radicaily ___6___
changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers,
throwers and prey-killers. They cooperate as skillful male-group ___7___
attackers.
Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely ___8___
long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers.
Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life,
were put to a new use—that of penning (把……關(guān)在圈中), ___9___
controlling and domesticating their prey. The food was there on
the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties of
farming were no longer essential for survival. ___10___
