四六級寫作話題：暈屏癥—Cybersickness
　　【原文】
　　The rise of mobile phones has been blamed for a number of social ills, but your smart phone may also be making you physically sick as well. Scientists have identified a condition called “cybersickness”, which they say is the digital version of motion sickness. The phenomenon, which affects up to 80 percent of the population who own smartphones or tablets, leads to feelings of nausea and unsteadiness. It is caused by seeing fast motion on a screen and covers anything from a car chase in a film to scrolling through web pages on your phone. The more realistic the visual content is, the higher your chances of getting cybersickness. The condition was identified in a piece in the New York Times in which British and US experts said that it needed addressing. Cyriel Diels, a cognitive psychologist and human factors researcher at Coventry University’s centre for Mobility and Transport, said: “It’s a fundamental problem that’s kind of been swept under the carpet in the tech industry.” “It’s a natural response to an unnatural environment.” Motion sickness leaves sufferers feeling ill because they feel movement in your muscles and your inner ear but do not see it. The mismatch in digital sickness is the opposite—you see movement on the screen but do not feel it. The effect is the same and the symptoms include a headache, wanting to throw up, confusion and the need to sit down. Often cybersickness manifests itself in a subtle way and sufferers put it down to stress or eyestrain.Steven Rauch, a professor of otolaryngology at Harvard Medical School, said: “Your sense of balance is different than other senses in that it has lots of inputs.” When those inputs don’t agree, that’s when you feel dizziness and nausea “Some studies that have been carried out into cybersickness found that women are more susceptible than men, the New York Times reported. Those who have Type A’ personalities—meaning they are confident and assertive—are more likely to suffer from cybersickness as well. Among those who have reported experiencing the condition have been video gamers who spend hours playing fast paced games. Cinema-goers have struggled with some scenes in action movies which have quick cuts and fast editing—and virtual reality has made the problem even worse. Jonathan Weinstein, a professor at the Kanbar Institute for Film and Television at New York University’s Tisch School of the Arts, said: “The idea is to get audiences to feel like participants in the action rather than outside observers of the action. Engineers at Oculus VR, the virtual headset manufacturer, have admitted that digital motion sickness is one of their biggest problems.
　　【詞匯積累】
　　cybersickness 暈屏癥
　　scrolling on phone 刷屏
　　smartphones 智能手機
　　tablets 平板
　　nausea 眩暈，惡心
　　sweep sth. Under the carpet 掩蓋錯誤
　　susceptible 易受影響的
　　【譯文】
　　移動電話的廣泛使用被指引發了諸多社會弊端，不僅如此，手中的智能機也會讓你覺得身體不適。科學家們把這種狀態稱為“暈屏”，是暈車的電子版。80%的手機和平板用戶會暈屏，他們會有惡心、眩暈的感覺。造成暈屏的原因是瀏覽了含移動內容的屏幕，可能是看了有追車鏡頭的電影，也可能是瀏覽了手機上滾動的內容頁。視覺內容越真實，暈屏的發生率就越高。《紐約時報》的一篇文章報道了這種癥狀。英美專家在文章中稱，這個問題需要著手解決。認知心理學家、考文垂大學移動運輸中心的人為因素研究員西里爾·蒂爾斯表示：“對弊端置之不理算得上是科技產業一個最根本的問題了。”“這是對非自然環境作出的自然反應。”暈動癥會令患者感到肌肉和內耳在移動，但實際上并沒有看到它們在移動。而暈屏癥恰恰相反——你看到屏幕在移動，實際上卻感受不到。二者的影響卻是相同的，其癥狀為頭疼、想吐、思緒混亂，需要靜坐下來。暈屏癥狀通常不易察覺，患者會以為是因為壓力大或者視覺疲勞引起的。哈佛醫學院耳鼻喉科教授史蒂芬·勞奇表示：“與其他感官不同，當有大量信息輸入時，人的平衡感會發生改變。”“當這些信息輸入沒有被感官接受，你就會覺得頭暈、惡心。”《紐約時報》稱，一些有關暈屏的研究發現，女性比男性更容易暈屏。A型人格，即果斷自信的人，也更容易暈屏。“有暈屏癥狀的通常是連續幾小時玩快節奏視頻游戲的玩家。看動作片的觀眾在看到快速剪輯和切換的鏡頭時會不舒服，這是因為虛擬實境會加重暈屏。紐約大學提斯克藝術學院康貝爾影視研究所的教授喬納森·溫斯坦說：“動作片就是想讓觀眾身臨其境，而不是當一個局外人。”虛擬實境游戲頭盔制造商“歐酷拉”公司的工程師們坦言，暈屏也是他們面臨的最大問題之一。