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Stunt people are not movie stars, but they are the hidden heroes of many movies.
替身演員不是電影明星，但他們是很多電影里的幕后英雄。
They were around long before films.
他們的存在比電影歷史更久遠。
Even Shakespeare may have used them in fight scenes.
甚至是莎士比亞也在打斗場面用過替身演員。
To be good, a fight scene has to look real.
為了有更好的效果，打斗場景看起來要真實。
Punches must land on enemies' jaws.
每一拳都必須落在敵人的下巴上。
Sword fights must be fought with sharp swords.
用劍的打斗場景就必須用鋒利的劍。
Several actors are usually in a fight scene.
通常，一個打斗場景有好幾個演員。
Their moves must be set up so that no one gets hurt.
他們的動作都要必須設計好，這樣才不會有人受傷。
It is almost like planning a dance performance.
這幾乎就像設計一場舞蹈表演一樣。
If a movie scene is dangerous, stunt people usually fill in for the stars.
如果一個電影場景非常危險，替身演員通常代替明星表演。
You may think you see Tom Cruise running along the top of a train, but it is probably his stunt double.
你以為是湯姆·克魯斯在火車頂部上跑，但其實很可能只是他的特技替身。
Stunt people must resemble the stars they stand in for.
替身演員必須要長得像他們飾演的明星。
Their height and build should be about the same.
他們的身高和身材都要差不多才行。
But when close-ups are needed, the film focuses on the star.
但是需要特寫鏡頭時，電影就只會聚焦在明星身上。
Some stunt people specialize in certain kinds of scenes.
一部分特技演員專門替身某些特定類別的場景。
For instance, a stunt woman named Jane Davis does all kinds of jumps.
例如，一個叫名為簡?戴維斯的特技女性代演各種各樣的跳躍。
She has leapt from planes and even off the top of waterfall.
她跳過飛機，甚至還跳過瀑布。
Each jump required careful planning and expert timing.
每一跳都需要精巧的估量和對時機的專業把握。
Yakima Canutt was a famous cowboy stunt man.
雅吉瓦人Canutt是位著名的牛仔替身。
Among other stunts, he could jump from a second story window onto a horse's back.
在所有特技中，他可以從二樓的窗口一躍跳到馬背上。
He invented the famous trick of sliding under a moving stagecoach.
他發明了一種特技，可以滑過移動的驛站馬車車底。
Canutt also figured out a new way to make a punch look real.
Canutt還想出了一種新辦法，讓拳頭揮起來時看起來很逼真。
He was the only stunt man ever to get an Oscar.
他是唯一一個獲得奧斯卡獎的特技替身演員。
