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Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
The work for which Thomas Malthus is still most widely known is his Essay on the Principle of Population, which first appeared in 1798. This book introduced Malthus's __67__ that population inescapably outgrows subsistence (生活資料), and that this difference __68__ population size and the ability to adequately meet the __69__ subsistence needs of all the members of that population " naturally" produces a fundamental struggle for __70__ in which some flourish at the __71__ of others.
Charles Darwin's most important contribution __72__ the field of biology, described in his work. On the Origin of Species, was to __73__ Malthus's observation that plants and animals multiply faster than nature can provide for them to his own __74__ of the process of "evolution" - the notion that different forms of life develop __75__ from a common ancestry (祖先). Combining these elements, Darwin __76__ that the factors of "the struggle for existence" and "the survival of the fittest" are the central mechanisms __77__ which evolution is based. In this sense, then. Darwin introduced the possibility __78__ conflict and struggle are biological phenomena, which are __79__ central to human social existence.
A number of more contemporary social thinkers were __80__ by Darwin and continued this particular version of the conflict perspective, commonly referred to __81__ social Darwinism, into the twentieth century-Thus, for example, Herbert Spencer, a __82__ English social theorist, applied these ideas of the natural __83__ of conflict and survival of the fittest to his . notion of social evolution, __84__ William Graham Summer, an American sociologist, saw the __85__ for survival among individual actors as operating to bring about fundamental __86__ in the quality of human .
注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
67. A) scheme B) reference C) theory D) illusion
68. A) between B) of C) amid D) about
69. A) initial B) basic C) low D) original
70. A) existence B) attendance C) presence D) appearance
71. A) pain B) offense C) danger D) expense
72. A) around B) to C) upon D) over
73. A) notify B) simplify C) rely D) apply
74. A) analysis B) emphasis C) question D) decision
75. A) permanently B) occasionally C) gradually D) constantly
76. A) promised B) projected C) processed D) proposed
77. A) from B) on C) at D) in
78. A) which B) where C) that D) how
79. A) abruptly B) absolutely C) abnormally D) abstractly
80. A) charged B) roused C) promoted D) influenced
81. A) like B) for C) as D) by
82. A) leading B) directing C) heading D) conducting
83. A) path B) route C) process D) channel
84. A) while B) when C) unless D) until
85. A) rival B) race C) compensation D) competition
86. A) opportunities B) advances C) adventures D) oppositions
