獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
　　獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)指帶主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞分詞、介詞、或副詞詞組。 何謂獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)?
　　它是指與主語(yǔ)之間無(wú)任何語(yǔ)法關(guān)系的名詞或代詞加上一個(gè)分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。它不修飾單個(gè)的詞，而修飾整個(gè)句子。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可位于句子的任何部位。它構(gòu)成一個(gè)單獨(dú)實(shí)體，并具有如下兩種功能：(1) 解釋原因或情景 (2) 提供主句中重點(diǎn)部分的相關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。
　　例 Freud distinguished three kinds of anxiety, each arising from a different source of perceived danger.
　　"each" 是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，"arising from"是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。注意這個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是一個(gè)"干巴巴"的句子。通過(guò)改變動(dòng)詞形式，它的面貌可煥然一新：Each arises from a different source of perceived danger.
　　再看以下例句
　　Before: His nose was running and his hands were shaking. He left the theater like that.
　　Interesting: His nose running and his hands shaking, he left the theater.
　　Before: He is known for his bad temper, so I fear the encounter.
　　Interesting: I fear the encounter, his temper being what it is.
　　Plain: If the weather is favorable tomorrow, we will spend the entire day climbing Huang Shan.
　　Good: Weather permitting, we will spend the entire day tomorrow climbing Huang Shan.
　　Plain: Let’s pray that the Southeast Asian economy will soon return to normal.
　　Good: The Southeast Asian economy, God willing, will soon return to normal.
　　Plain: Early radio reports exaggerated the success of the raid on the Embassy. Some even indicated that the Vietcong had occupied several floors of the building.
　　Better: Early radio reports exaggerated the success of the raid on the Embassy, some even indicating that the Vietcong had occupied several floors of the building.
　　Plain: Even though the drug controversy was still festering around him, in the end, defending Australian Open champion Petr Korda walked away with a salute to a cheering crowd.
　　Better: In the end, defending Australian Open champion Petr Korda, the drug controversy around him still festering, walked away with a salute to a cheering crowd.
　　有些短語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)法上可與它所在句中的其它成分分離。這種結(jié)構(gòu)不修飾句子的任何一個(gè)詞，而修飾句子的整體意思。
　　分詞連同它所修飾的名詞或代詞可構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)有時(shí)也被認(rèn)為是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
　　有用句型
　　During the early years of the Cultural Revolution, dried mushrooms on dinner tables were an unheard-of luxury, and pork chops unthinkable.
　　We see Van Gogh in the role of prophet in "Self Portrait," his emaciated, luminous head with its burning eyes set off against a whirlpool of darkness.
　　Professor Wang’s handwriting was precise, fussy, spidery, his notepad pale mauve.