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閱讀文章的結(jié)構(gòu)
了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠讓我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)更迅速地把握文章的脈絡(luò)和文章主旨，對(duì)于提高做題效率更有重要意義。 文章的結(jié)構(gòu)模式大體上分為四類。這四類文章在一篇文章中并不是獨(dú)立存在的，有時(shí)往往是幾種段落結(jié)構(gòu)模式交織在一起。
總分型 這類文章遵循從觀點(diǎn)到材料，從抽象到具體的邏輯法則，其基本框架是先總論后分論，中心論點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)在分論之前。
問題解決型 首先說明情況和背景，然后提出問題，接著作出反應(yīng)，也就是解決問題，當(dāng)然問題也可能沒有解決或沒有完全解決，最后給予適當(dāng)?shù)脑u(píng)價(jià)或者分析。總體布局上有時(shí)會(huì)舍去背景部分或評(píng)價(jià)部分。
匹配型 段落的發(fā)展主線為兩種事物之間的類比：兩種論點(diǎn)概論----一種論點(diǎn)----另一種論點(diǎn);或者是現(xiàn)象----一種事物----另一種事物----得出結(jié)論。作者一般不發(fā)表態(tài)度和結(jié)論。
假設(shè)真實(shí)型 文章結(jié)構(gòu)模式是：假設(shè)觀點(diǎn)----進(jìn)行反駁----作者觀點(diǎn)。作者往往在文中開頭即提出一種觀點(diǎn)或主張，然后從贊同與反對(duì)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行反駁或澄清，經(jīng)過論證之后才提出作者本人的觀點(diǎn)。
Passage 6
Many a young person tells me he wants to be a writer. I always __1__ such people, but I also explain that there’s a big difference between "being a writer" and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of __2__ and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. "You’ve got to want to write," I say to them, "not want to be a writer."
The reality is that writing is a __3__, private and poorpaying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are thousands more whose longing is never __4__. When I left a 20-year career in the US. Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no __5__ at all. What I did have was a friend who found me my room in a New York apartment building. It didn’t even matter that it was __6__and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a __7__ writer.
After a year or so, however, I still hadn’t gotten a break and began to __8__ myself. It was so hard to sell a story that __9__ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasn’t going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test--even though it meant living with __10__and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone with a dream learn to live there.
A) barely B) genuine C) rewarded D) doubt
E) lonely F) poverty G) persuade H) prospects
I) uncertainty J)impossibly K) encourage L)awarded
M) alone N)wealth O)cold
