一、靈活使用“There be”結構。
【考生病句】
1. There are many people like to go to the movies.
2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.
【正確表達】
1.There are many people who like to go to the movies.
2.There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.
【點評】這兩個例句錯誤比較有普遍性,因為在歷次考試中有不少考生不能正確運用there be這一最常用句式。在這種結構中,there是引導詞,沒有實際意義。be在句中作謂語,有時態和數變化。
例如:
1.There is not a moment to be lost.
2.There are many people rushing into the cities every year.
3.There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.
4.There is no use holding back the wheel of history.
從以上例句還可看出,句中主語后面可接多種修飾語,如介詞短語、不定式短語、定語從句、分詞短語等等。這無疑使該結構增加了表現力,使句子表達內容更加豐富。 在運用這一結構時,考生最容易犯錯誤的是在there be之后又加了一個動詞作謂語,使句子結構出現嚴重錯誤。這里列舉考生典型錯誤均屬這種情況,對此我們在寫作中要格外注意。
二、準確使用比較結構。
【考生病句】
1.Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2.The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.
【正確表達】
1.Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2.The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.
【點評】許多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比較,但有很多人經常用錯。在考生病句第1句中,句子主語是the car,是用來比較的對象。改為Compared with A, B...;在例2中,考生誤將“天氣”與“城市”進行比較,比較的對象不是同類事物,只有將后者改為“其他城市的天氣”才符合邏輯,很顯然,考生錯誤是受了漢語表達習慣影響。