72. [A]how [B]why[C]what[D]whether
73. [A]to [B]on[C]with[D]in
74. [A]Both[B]Either[C]One[D]Neither
75. [A]therefore [B]however[C]even[D]but
76. [A]Therefore [B]Moreover[C]Then[D]However
77. [A]possibility [B]pattern[C]anxiety[D]decision
78. [A]instrument [B]appliance[C]equipment[D]tool
79. [A]course [B]process[C]track[D]direction
80. [A]beware [B]aware[C]awake[D]unconscious
81. [A]choose [B]change [C]distinguish[D]compare
82. [A]transaction [B]transition[C]transmission[D]transformation
83. [A]much [B]more[C]few[D]little
84. [A]desire [B]frame [C]stage[D]step
85. [A]evaluate [B]change[C]make[D]decide
86. [A]which [B]that[C]whether [D]what
Part Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)
Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. The price of beer_________________(從50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.
88.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence,__________________(正在研制) and perfected now.
89. He wears a pair of sunglasses____________________(唯恐被別人認(rèn)出來).
91.Frankly speaking, I’d rather you_________________(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.
92.The substance does not dissolve in water______________ (不管是否加熱).
Key to Model Test Four
Part I Writing
【寫作思路】
要求寫一篇關(guān)于宿舍生活的議論文。主要寫宿舍生活與家庭生活的區(qū)別,以及宿舍生活的利與弊。
【參考范文】
Dormitory Life
For most university students, dormitory life is a new experience. Most students have never lived far away from their parents before coming to university. They have always had their parents to depend on for advice and guidance, and when they become university students, their lives begin to change.
There are striking difference between home life and dormitory life. Students must begin to be responsible for their own action. They must depend on themselves to get up in the morning on time for class, to eat properly, to keep their clothes and themselves clean, and to set aside an appropriate amount of time for study and relaxation. They must also learn to take care of their money, making sure to preserve enough for both necessities and for fun.
In general, there are both good and bad points about life in student-dormitory. Often, dormitory rooms are small and crowded. This lack of space can limit one’s privacy and make it difficult for students to concentrate on their studies. On the other hand, in a dormitory, students have a great deal more freedom than they might have at home. They can act according to their own will and desire than to that of parents.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
【全文翻譯】
動(dòng)物的運(yùn)動(dòng)
除了缺少劇情音樂之外,這看上去就像《大白鯊》影片中的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景:一條巨大的鯊魚在水中慢慢地游著,尾巴就像時(shí)鐘的鐘擺一樣來回地?cái)[動(dòng)。
突然,它敏感的皮膚神經(jīng)末梢感受到了獵物游動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)出的震動(dòng)。瞬間,它就變成一臺(tái)高效致命的死亡機(jī)器。它繃緊肌肉,快速地在水中砍出一條通道。眨眼之間,它便用強(qiáng)有力的嘴巴咬住了它的獵物,一條大魚。隨后,它來回扭動(dòng)著頭,從獵物的身上撕下大塊大塊的肉,把它們吞了下去。很快地,獵食活動(dòng)就結(jié)束了。
為了生存而移動(dòng)
鯊魚追逐獵物的過程以一種夸張的方式證明了移動(dòng)(或者運(yùn)動(dòng))對(duì)于動(dòng)物的重要作用。
像鯊魚一樣,大部分的動(dòng)物通過移動(dòng)來發(fā)現(xiàn)食物。他們還利用移動(dòng)來逃避敵人、尋找配偶、開拓新的 地盤。移動(dòng)的方法包括:爬行、跳躍、滑行、飛行、飄浮或者漫步。
借助各種有助移動(dòng)的發(fā)明,人類加強(qiáng)了其移動(dòng)優(yōu)勢(shì),可以再任何環(huán)境下移動(dòng)。汽車、火箭、潛艇能把人類從深海運(yùn)輸?shù)竭b遠(yuǎn)的月亮。然而,對(duì)于其他的動(dòng)物而言,移動(dòng)來源于數(shù)百萬年的進(jìn)化。鯊魚是其中最成功的例子。它能夠以接近零的時(shí)間快速地捕獲獵物,這給科學(xué)家們留下了深刻的印象。但是,經(jīng)過仔細(xì)的研究,美國(guó)杜克大學(xué)的海洋生物學(xué)家S. A. Wainwright、F. Vosburgh和J. H. Hebrank才發(fā)現(xiàn)了鯊魚是如何做到這一點(diǎn)的。在研究中,科學(xué)家們對(duì)位于佛羅里達(dá)州圣奧古斯丁海上樂園泳池中游泳的鯊魚進(jìn)行了觀察。他們拍攝了鯊魚的運(yùn)動(dòng)情況,對(duì)它們進(jìn)行了分析,同時(shí)也對(duì)鯊魚的皮膚和肌肉進(jìn)行了研究。
皮膚是關(guān)鍵
生物學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),鯊魚的皮膚是使它們?cè)谒懈咝в斡镜年P(guān)鍵。鯊魚的皮膚中含有許多纖維,像子午線輪胎的內(nèi)部一樣交錯(cuò)在一起。這些纖維被稱為膠原纖維。隨著它們的放松或拉緊,這些纖維可以儲(chǔ)存或釋放大量的能量。當(dāng)拉伸纖維時(shí),纖維中蓄滿了能量,就像繃緊的弓弦一樣。能量被釋放后,纖維就松弛了。
杜克大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn),最大拉伸發(fā)生在鯊魚彎曲身體游泳的時(shí)候。當(dāng)身體前后移動(dòng)時(shí),彎曲處外側(cè)的纖維受到強(qiáng)烈的拉伸,大量的潛能被儲(chǔ)存在纖維中。當(dāng)鯊魚朝另一個(gè)方向迅速掉頭時(shí),這種能量就被釋放出來了。
隨著能量在鯊魚身體兩側(cè)交替地儲(chǔ)存和釋放,它的尾巴就像鞭子一樣強(qiáng)烈地來回?cái)[動(dòng)。這種像皮鞭一樣的動(dòng)作促使鯊魚像發(fā)射的子彈一樣在水中穿來穿去。
能量的來源
是什么讓纖維能存儲(chǔ)如此多的能量呢?在追尋答案的過程中,杜克大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),鯊魚與子午線輪胎的相似性并不僅僅存在于皮膚上。正如子午線輪胎是由壓力膨脹的一樣,在鯊魚膠原輻射處的下方也有一個(gè)膨脹區(qū)。但是,鯊魚體內(nèi)的壓力可能來自于血液壓縮膠原纖維而產(chǎn)生的壓力,而不是來自于空氣的壓力。
當(dāng)鯊魚緩慢游動(dòng)時(shí),纖維內(nèi)的壓力相對(duì)較低。纖維比較松弛時(shí),鯊魚就能以銳角的角度彎身。在尋找食物或只是游動(dòng)時(shí),鯊魚以這種方式進(jìn)行移動(dòng)。但是,當(dāng)它發(fā)現(xiàn)重要的食物來源時(shí),一些奇妙的變化就自動(dòng)發(fā)生了。
鯊魚內(nèi)部的壓力可能會(huì)增加10倍,膠原纖維在這種壓力下劇烈拉伸,蓄積了大量的能量。
接著,這種能量被轉(zhuǎn)移到尾巴上,鯊魚快速運(yùn)動(dòng)起來,剩下的事情就可想而知了。
海豚是速度最快的紀(jì)錄保持者
海豚是另一種快速的海洋動(dòng)物,這種海洋哺乳動(dòng)物的速度為每小時(shí)20英里。研究海豚的生物學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),就像鯊魚一樣,海豚的快速游動(dòng)可以追溯到其皮膚。海豚的皮膚是這樣構(gòu)成的:它對(duì)流過其身體的水流產(chǎn)生的阻力很小。通常情況下,當(dāng)魚或其他動(dòng)物在水中緩慢游動(dòng)時(shí),水流會(huì)平穩(wěn)地流過它們的身體。這種平穩(wěn)的水流被稱為層流。然而,當(dāng)魚快速移動(dòng)時(shí),其周圍的水流就變得湍急起來。這種亂流使摩擦加大,降低了魚的速度。
海豚的皮膚彈性很大,可以隨著水波的波形而彎曲。實(shí)際上,水波是被卷進(jìn)了海豚皮膚的皺褶處。這樣,其余的水就以層流的方式從其身邊平穩(wěn)地流過。其他動(dòng)物快速游動(dòng)時(shí),由于受到亂流的阻礙,其速度就降低了;但是,海豚卻能夠以破紀(jì)錄的速度在水中快速穿行。
其他的低速動(dòng)物
并不是所有的動(dòng)物都能像鯊魚和海豚一樣快速地游動(dòng)。在運(yùn)動(dòng)效率方面最大的輸家可能是蛞蝓(鼻涕