評論
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一、邏輯關(guān)系在快速閱讀中的運(yùn)用
快速閱讀理解能力的提高是有一定方法可循的，為此我們首先提示考生應(yīng)該尤其注意文章邏輯關(guān)系在快速閱讀中的運(yùn)用。邏輯關(guān)系散布在文章的句子內(nèi)部、句句之間、以及段落之間。最基本的邏輯關(guān)系有以下幾種：
1、因果關(guān)系：as a result ，therefore，hence，consequently，because, for, due to, hence, consequently等等。
2、并列、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：and, or, then，in addition，besides，in other words，moreover等等
3、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：however，but, yet, in fact等等。
這些我們其實(shí)已經(jīng)很熟悉的邏輯提示詞在文章中起的效果，并非僅僅是銜接文章的句子，從閱讀的角度來看，其實(shí)同時(shí)在給我們某種提示，告訴我們哪些句子是有效信息，相對重要的信息，哪些信息是相對不重要的信息，因?yàn)槲覀冊谔幚砦恼碌臅r(shí)候，有一條清晰的思路，你不是為了完整翻譯文章而進(jìn)行閱讀，而是為了獲取主旨來閱讀。
例如樣題中的第一段：You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don’t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don’t have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.
我們注意到，在該段尾部出現(xiàn)了“But”。這里的“But”，說明作者陳述的內(nèi)容的邏輯主旨發(fā)生了變化，因此，轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞之前的信息就變得不重要了，簡單的處理方法是可以僅保留閱讀轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的信息。
相應(yīng)地，并列、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系詞，意味著它們前后銜接的信息從主旨的體現(xiàn)上沒有發(fā)生變化，而更多的表現(xiàn)為前后句子主旨的相似性，所以我們選擇其中的一半進(jìn)行閱讀。這樣，在保證了閱讀質(zhì)量的基礎(chǔ)上，也極大地提高了閱讀速度。如樣題中“How Is a Landfill Operated?”一段中：
Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.
In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies.
注意到“In addition”，該詞的出現(xiàn)意味著其后內(nèi)容和上一段信息主旨基本一致，可以放棄本句的閱讀。
