三、特定語境下名詞的選擇

　　四級完形填空對名詞的考查不僅僅定位于名詞的固定搭配和辨析,更多考查的是特定語境下名詞的選擇,這也是完形填空的特點所在。考生解答此類問題的關鍵便是理解名詞所在的上下文的語篇含義。例如:An earthquake hit Kashmir on Oct. 8, 2005. It took some 75,000 lives, injured 130,000 and left nearly 3.5 million without food, jobs or homes. Almost overnight, scores of tent villages bloomed across the re-gion, tended by international aid organizations, military and aid groups working day and night to shelter the survivors before winter set in. A) ranks B) equipment C) personnel D) installations (2007年6月,CET-4)[解析]此題目是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義:rank"軍銜,軍階"；equipment"設備"；personnel"人員,職員"；installation"安裝,設置"。再根據句意:軍隊人員幫助照顧受災民眾,得出正確選項C)。　　
　　Try out
　　Directions:
　　In this section, there are 4 blanks in the following passage. For each blank, there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should choose the one that best fits into the passage.
　　Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 1 you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually save you money or can add to the cost. Take the simple example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the best buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest in price. But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive model to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all. So what principles should you adopt when you go out shopping? If you keep your home, your car or any valuable possession in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long 2 . Before you buy a new 3 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check if it suits your particular 4 . Before you buy an expensive item, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer. If possible, choose from three items or three estimates.
　　1. A) form 　B) way 　C) method　 D) fashion
　　2. A) interval 　B) period　　C) run 　D) time
　　3. A) equipment　 B) appliance 　C) utility 　D) facility
　　4. A) goal 　B) task　 C) function 　D) purpose
　　(2005年1月,CET-4)　　
　　答案&解析
　　1題屬于完形填空中義近形異名詞的辨析。給定的前三個名詞都有“形式”的意思，按照名詞的用途，form 指“具體事物的形式或形態”；way指“手段，方法(manner, how to do sth )”，比method更為通用，可指單一的技巧也可指復雜的操作方法，還可以指一些人處理某一問題所采用的特殊方法；method指“方法，方式”，指相當精心地擬訂的一組方法，并強調實施的效率和精確性。fashion表示“時尚”，與前三個名詞詞義差別較大。故得出正確選項考(試大B）：你買一件物品或一項服務的方式往往可以決定你是在節省錢財還是在增加額外花費。
　　2題是對名詞的考查。固定搭配“in the long run”表示“長遠，最后”。此句句意為：如果你一直很好地維持你的小家、車子和寶貴財產，那從長期看來，你就是在節省金錢。最后得出正確選項C）。
　　3題仍然考查義近形異名詞的辨析。給定的四個名詞都含“工具，器械”的意思，按照名詞的用途，equipment 表示“軍用裝備，野營用具”；appliance特指“家用電器”；utility常用于短語public utilities“公用事業”；facility 常用考(試大作復數形式表示“設施”。此處表示電器，故得出正確選項B）。
　　4題是對特殊語境下名詞選擇的考查。先確定四個給定名詞的含義：goal“目標”；task“任務”；function“功能，作用”；purpose “目的”。再根據句意：如果可以的話，先試用或借來使用，看它是否能滿足你特定的使用需求，得出正確選項D）。