評(píng)論
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在閱讀中，我們有時(shí)需要對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的正誤作出判斷，有時(shí)需要借助上下文對(duì)個(gè)別詞語(yǔ)的大意作出判斷，有時(shí)需要根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)，對(duì)上下文進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)性判斷，有時(shí)需要在綜合分析的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)判斷得出結(jié)論，有時(shí)還需要對(duì)作者語(yǔ)氣態(tài)度、思想傾向等等作出判斷。判斷貫穿于閱讀的全過(guò)程，也滲透在各種閱讀微技能中。例：
(1) 判斷推測(cè)句中omnivorous一詞的大意
She has a wide interest and is an omnivorous reader.
根據(jù)句中她“興趣廣”這一上文和被修飾的reader一詞，可大概判斷omnivorous具有“興趣廣、什么書(shū)都喜歡讀”等含義。
(2) 根據(jù)前文，判斷下文
Laziness is a sin, everyone knows that. Nevertheless…
A) laziness can actually be helpful
B) laziness is a sign of mental illness
C) laziness is immoral and wasteful
D) you must be careful when you see someone lazy
根據(jù)第一分句的語(yǔ)義傾向和Nevertheless一詞，我們可得出這樣的判斷，即下文要談的內(nèi)容必然與之相反，即談?wù)揕aziness也有其有利、肯定的一面，故A最有可能。
(3) 判斷作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)
Which of the following statements was written by someone who prefers small cars to large ones?
A) Their excellent gas mileage and even their improved interior design notwithstanding，today's compact cars simply fail to provide the feel a traditional motorist yearns for.
B) They lack some of the size and even the character of the full-sized autos we were accustomed to; but today's compacts more than make up for this with their excellent gas mileage.
本題要求我們對(duì)A、B中哪種觀(guān)點(diǎn)贊成小汽車(chē)作出判斷。A句中主句對(duì)小汽車(chē)予以否定，句首對(duì)小汽車(chē)的肯定性陳述又被notwithstanding一詞否定。答案是B，第一分句講到小汽車(chē)的缺陷：缺乏大汽車(chē)的空間和氣派；第二分句則認(rèn)為小汽車(chē)的緊湊及其優(yōu)秀的低耗油特征能遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)彌補(bǔ)上述不足，前面以轉(zhuǎn)折連詞將作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向第二分句。
