二、 比較結構
考生病句:
1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities.
正確表達:
1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.
評議與分析:許多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比較,但相當多的表達有誤。
在例1中,對兩個事物進行比較的句式為Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的過去分詞,不能用現在分詞,因為B是分詞的邏輯主語,只能被比較。在例2中,考生誤將"天氣"與"城市"進行比較,而二者沒有可比性,只有將后者改為"其他城市的天氣"才符合邏輯,很顯然,考生的錯誤是受了漢語表達習慣的影響。
比較結構是常用結構,正確地使用這一結構可以使文章的句式增加變化,有利于提高寫作成績。一般說來,考生若能恰當、正確地運用這一結構,其寫作成績應在5分以上。
下面是比較結構的一些常用的表達方法。
1. 同級比較
1) In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.
2) We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past.
2. 比較級
1) Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.
2) We can live longer without food than we can (live ) without water.