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Didn't Get the Job? You'll Never Know Why You aced the interview, your résumé sings, but in the end, you didn't get the job. Chances are, you'll never know why.
你在面試中表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異，你的簡(jiǎn)歷也令人贊嘆，但最終還是沒(méi)有得到那份工作，而且你很可能永遠(yuǎn)都不知道原因所在。
It is a painful conundrum of the job search process: Rejected candidates want to understand why they didn't get hired, but employers, fearing discrimination complaints, keep silent. And those who do speak up offer little more than platitudes.
這是求職過(guò)程中一個(gè)讓人頭疼的難題，一方面遭拒的求職者希望了解自己為什么沒(méi)有獲聘；另一方面雇主卻因擔(dān)心遭到歧視投訴而保持緘默，就算有雇主坦誠(chéng)直言，所說(shuō)的也只不過(guò)是陳詞濫調(diào)。
Without specifics, candidates are left to repeat the same mistakes, while hiring managers complain they're swamped with applicants who miss the mark.
如果沒(méi)有具體的反饋，求職者就會(huì)重復(fù)犯下同樣的錯(cuò)誤，招聘經(jīng)理則抱怨他們總是遇見(jiàn)一批又一批不合格的求職者。
"You don't know how to adjust going forward," says technology professional Lisa Roberson. When she wasn't selected for a job in her field a few years ago, she emailed one of the people who had interviewed her to find out why.
從事科技工作的麗莎?羅伯森(Lisa Roberson)說(shuō)：“你不知道該如何調(diào)整取得進(jìn)步。”幾年前，在應(yīng)聘一份科技領(lǐng)域的工作落選后，她給其中一位面試官發(fā)了封電子郵件詢(xún)問(wèn)原因。
The response: Someone "more suited" to the job had been hired. "Well, I could have guessed that," said Ms. Roberson, who works in health-care IT.
面試官的回復(fù)是：他們找到了“更適合”那個(gè)職位的人選。羅伯森說(shuō)：“好吧，我都能猜到這個(gè)回答。”現(xiàn)在她在醫(yī)療IT行業(yè)工作。
Such exchanges frustrate job seekers, especially those who have been searching for long periods and desperately want some insight into how they are viewed by hiring managers.
如此這般的交流會(huì)讓求職者心生沮喪，而那些找了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作、迫切希望深入了解招聘經(jīng)理如何看待他們的求職者更是如此。
Providge Consulting, a Delaware-based consulting firm, has a policy to keep candidates apprised at every step of its hiring process and scores candidates on a range of criteria to keep its decisions as objective as possible.
特拉華州咨詢(xún)公司Providge Consulting制訂了一項(xiàng)政策，在其招聘流程中的每一步都會(huì)通知求職者消息，依據(jù)一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給他們?cè)u(píng)分，以此使招聘決定盡可能保持客觀。
But when the reasons for a rejection can't be boiled down to more clear-cut measures like experience or education, HR managers "attempt to minimize those conversations," said Tara Teaford, director of operations. That may mean offering a vague response, adding that the company will reach out if appropriate positions arise in the future.
該公司運(yùn)營(yíng)總監(jiān)塔拉?蒂福德(Tara Teaford)稱(chēng)，如果求職者遭拒的原因不能以比較明確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)歸結(jié)的話，比如工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)或教育經(jīng)歷等，人事經(jīng)理則會(huì)“試圖簡(jiǎn)單應(yīng)對(duì)那些談話”。這可能意味著他們會(huì)給出含糊其辭的回復(fù)，另外還會(huì)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，如果未來(lái)有合適的職位，他們還會(huì)聯(lián)系你。
"Most of it is trying to protect ourselves from potential litigation," says Ms. Teaford. "Once you cross the line between objective and subjective, it gets very, very challenging."
蒂福德說(shuō)：“那樣做主要是為了盡量保護(hù)我們自己免于潛在的訴訟，一旦你越過(guò)了客觀和主觀之間的界限，事情就會(huì)變得非常非常危險(xiǎn)。”
And many of the firms that want to provide feedback have their hands tied by company lawyers.
此外，許多意欲提供反饋的企業(yè)也受到來(lái)自公司律師的約束。
Employers were put on notice in late 2012 when the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission identified discrimination in hiring practices as one of its priorities for the next three years, partly out of a recognition that few job seekers have the resources to hire a lawyer and press their claims through civil courts, according to Amy Fratkin, an employment lawyer. That means individual complaints will be more likely to result in lawsuits brought by the EEOC if the agency establishes a pattern of discrimination by the employer.
就業(yè)事務(wù)律師艾米?弗拉金(Amy Fratkin)稱(chēng)，各企業(yè)在2012年底接到通知，美國(guó)平等就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)委員會(huì)(Equal Employment Opportunity Commission，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“EEOC”)將把鑒定招聘過(guò)程中的歧視行為列為未來(lái)三年的首要任務(wù)之一。這么做部分是因?yàn)椋麄円庾R(shí)到很少有求職者擁有聘請(qǐng)律師將其權(quán)利主張?jiān)诿袷路ㄍネ七M(jìn)到底的資源。這意味著如果EEOC一旦確立了企業(yè)歧視行為的形式，個(gè)人的投訴將更有可能發(fā)展為由該機(jī)構(gòu)提起的訴訟。
Linda Jackson, a partner with employment law firm Littler Mendelson, says she advises her clients against offering specific feedback to job candidates. For instance, telling someone he has too much experience for a particular job might be interpreted as age discrimination, she said. "Is it the basis for a claim? It might or it might not be," she says.
琳達(dá)?杰克遜(Linda Jackson)是就業(yè)事務(wù)律師事務(wù)所Littler Mendelson的合伙人，她說(shuō)她會(huì)建議客戶(hù)不要向求職者提供具體的反饋。她舉例說(shuō)，告訴某個(gè)求職者他的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)于某個(gè)職位來(lái)說(shuō)過(guò)于豐富可能會(huì)被解讀為年齡歧視。
Then there is the discomfort of relaying hard-to-hear information. Some hiring managers are so uncomfortable at the prospect of these conversations that they refuse to bring their business cards to interviews, says Amelia Merrill of Risk Management Solutions Inc., a risk-modeling firm in Silicon Valley.
其次，轉(zhuǎn)告讓人難以接受的消息也會(huì)讓人不自在。硅谷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)建模公司Risk Management Solutions Inc.的阿米莉亞?梅里爾(Amelia Merrill)說(shuō)，有些招聘經(jīng)理一想到未來(lái)可能會(huì)有這樣的談話就覺(jué)得非常不舒服，所以他們?nèi)ッ嬖嚽舐氄邥r(shí)都不愿意帶上名片。
Despite how awkward it can be, Ms. Merrill expects her recruiters to call finalists to let them know they weren't hired, giving those applicants a chance to ask for more information. She wants even rejected candidates to leave thinking they want to work there.
盡管氣氛可能會(huì)非常尷尬，梅里爾還是希望招聘人員能打電話通知進(jìn)入最終面試，卻未被聘用的求職者，以向他們提供一個(gè)詢(xún)問(wèn)更多信息的機(jī)會(huì)。她甚至還希望遭拒的求職者最后心里還會(huì)想著希望在她們那兒工作。
On rare occasions, she added, a rejected candidate will argue with the recruiter or insist he was the right pick for the job.
她還說(shuō)，只有在極少數(shù)情況下，會(huì)有未被錄用的求職者與招聘人員爭(zhēng)辯，或堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是該職位的合適人選。
Of course, lots of candidates don't seek feedback: HR managers put the number of those who request it at around 10%. But of those who do, barely any get it. Only 4.4% of more than 2,000 job candidates surveyed in 2012 by the Talent Board, an organization dedicated to improving companies' recruiting practices, said they received specific feedback from hiring managers and recruiters.
當(dāng)然，很多求職者不會(huì)尋求反饋，人事經(jīng)理估計(jì)要求獲得反饋的求職者的比例在10%左右。但是，在那些提出這個(gè)要求的求職者中，幾乎沒(méi)有人能得到反饋。專(zhuān)注于改進(jìn)企業(yè)招聘行為的機(jī)構(gòu)──人才委員會(huì)(Talent Board)在2012年對(duì)2,000余名求職者進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，其中只有4.4%的求職者表示他們得到過(guò)招聘經(jīng)理和招聘人員的具體反饋。
But it raises the question, will the gap ever be bridged?
這就引出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題，這其中的差距有可能得到彌合嗎？
"If you want an efficient labor market, you have to have people understand where their talents are best used," says Elli Sharef, co-founder of HireArt, a website that matches job seekers and employers through video interviews and assessment tests.
HireArt網(wǎng)站的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人艾莉?沙勒夫(Elli Sharef)指出：“如果你想要一個(gè)高效的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，你得讓大家明白他們的才華最適合用在何處。”該網(wǎng)站通過(guò)視頻面試和評(píng)估測(cè)試幫求職者和企業(yè)配對(duì)。
After hearing from hundreds of frustrated job seekers, Ms. Sharef recently decided to try offering feedback, despite some trepidation from her lawyer.
盡管律師表達(dá)了憂慮，但不久前，沙勒夫在聽(tīng)取了數(shù)百名失意求職者的抱怨后，還是決定嘗試提供反饋。
In May, HireArt emailed 127 job seekers who had submitted video interviews for jobs in educational technology and offered the chance for a 15-minute personalized critique from Ms. Sharef herself. The 21 available slots were filled in less than 10 minutes.
去年5月，HireArt給提交過(guò)應(yīng)聘教育科技領(lǐng)域崗位面試視頻的127名求職者發(fā)送了電子郵件，向他們提供獲得15分鐘來(lái)自沙勒夫本人的個(gè)性化評(píng)論的機(jī)會(huì)。網(wǎng)站提供的21個(gè)空缺機(jī)會(huì)在不到10分鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)即被申請(qǐng)滿了。
Most appreciated the assistance, but overall, reactions to the feedback varied. One person complained that 15 minutes wasn't enough time for the session. Others admitted they hadn't given much thought to what they could contribute to the prospective employer, which was the most common criticism.
大多數(shù)求職者都很感激這次幫助，但總的說(shuō)來(lái)對(duì)反饋的反應(yīng)各有不同。有一名求職者抱怨稱(chēng)15分鐘的評(píng)論時(shí)間還不夠長(zhǎng)。其他人承認(rèn)，他們并未仔細(xì)想過(guò)他們能給潛在雇主做出什么貢獻(xiàn)，這也是最常見(jiàn)的批評(píng)。
HireArt has since decided to offer a limited number of weekly feedback sessions. But as the company weighs scaling up the service to more users, it is also wrestling with questions about how people absorb and use constructive criticism. It can be difficult to hear "negative information about yourself, especially when you're already in a vulnerable position," says Ms. Sharef.
自那以后，HireArt決定每周提供少量面試反饋機(jī)會(huì)。然而，就在該公司考慮擴(kuò)大規(guī)模向更多用戶(hù)提供這項(xiàng)服務(wù)時(shí)，它也受困于有關(guān)大家是如何吸取利用建設(shè)性批評(píng)的問(wèn)題。沙勒夫說(shuō)，聽(tīng)到“關(guān)于自己的負(fù)面信息，特別是當(dāng)你已經(jīng)身處脆弱境地時(shí)”可能會(huì)很不好受。
Companies' job-application software could provide another source of feedback, albeit automated, suggests John Sullivan, a management professor at San Francisco State University.
舊金山州立大學(xué)(San Francisco State University)管理學(xué)教授約翰?沙利文(John Sullivan)建議，企業(yè)的求職軟件能充當(dāng)另一個(gè)反饋來(lái)源，盡管它的反饋是自動(dòng)生成的。
These applicant-tracking systems, which are used by almost every large employer, score candidates based on rough measures like the number of keyword matches between a job description and a résumé. Employers could theoretically send candidates their scores, says Mr. Sullivan.
幾乎每家大企業(yè)都采用了此類(lèi)求職者跟蹤系統(tǒng)，它會(huì)根據(jù)職位描述和簡(jiǎn)歷之間關(guān)鍵詞的匹配次數(shù)這樣的大致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)給求職者打分。沙利文稱(chēng)，從理論上說(shuō)，雇主可以將求職者的評(píng)分發(fā)給他們。
"If you scored 90 out of 100, you might apply again later. But if you scored a 20, you know you applied for the wrong job," he said. So far, none of the companies for which he has recommended this, have adopted it. They fear it will generate additional questions from applicants or reveal too much about the keyword-matching process, he says.
他說(shuō)：“如果100分的總分你得了90分，或許以后你還可以再申請(qǐng)。不過(guò)如果你只得了20分，你就知道你申請(qǐng)錯(cuò)了工作。”他向一些企業(yè)推薦了上述這個(gè)方法，但迄今為止還無(wú)一企業(yè)采納。
