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Bali, Indonesia, is facing a worsening water crisis from tourism development, population growth and water mismanagement.
由于旅游業發展、人口增長和水資源管理不善，印度尼西亞巴厘島正面臨日益嚴重的水資源危機。
Shortages already are affecting UNESCO World Heritage structure, food production and Balinese culture.
水資源短缺已經影響到聯合國教科文組織的世界遺產結構、糧食生產和巴厘島文化。
Experts warn the situation will worsen if existing water control policies are not enforced across the island.
專家警告稱，如果不在全島執行現有的水資源控制政策，情況將會惡化。
"It is no longer possible to work in the fields as a farmer," said farmer I Ketut Jata.
農民I Ketut Jata說：“作為農民，再也不可能在田里干活了。”
He said the land is too dry to grow rice which he sells to provide for his family.
他說，土地太干了，無法種植水稻，他靠賣稻米養家糊口。
Bali is in the center of Indonesia's group of islands.
巴厘島位于印度尼西亞群島的中心。
Bali gets its water from three main sources: lakes, rivers and groundwater.
巴厘島主要有三個水源：湖泊、河流和地下水。
A traditional irrigation system, called the "subak", sends water through a network of waterways, dams and tunnels.
一種稱為“蘇巴克”的傳統灌溉系統通過水道、水壩和地道網絡輸送水。
The subak was named a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2012.
蘇巴克于2012年被聯合國教科文組織列為世界遺產。
The system is central to Balinese culture.
該系統是巴厘島文化的核心。
It represents the Balinese Hindu idea of harmony between people, nature and spirituality.
它代表了巴厘島印度教關于人、自然和靈性之間和諧相處的思想。
"This is one of the very special cases of living landscapes in Asia," said Feng Jing, who works with UNESCO in Bangkok.
在曼谷與聯合國教科文組織合作的馮靜說：“這是亞洲活生生的景觀中非常特殊的案例之一。”
But demand is putting severe pressure on the subak and other water resources, said Putu Bawa.
但需求給蘇巴克和其他水資源帶來了巨大壓力，普圖·巴瓦說。
He is with the Bali Water Protection program.
他參與了巴厘島水資源保護計劃。
The island's population increased by more than 70 percent from 1980 to 2020, to 4.3 million people, found government data.
政府數據顯示，該島的人口從1980年到2020年增長了70%以上，達到430萬人。
Tourism growth has been even greater: Less than 140,000 foreign visitors came to the island in 1980.
旅游業的增長速度更快：1980年，來該島的外國游客不到14萬人次。
By 2019, there were more than 6.2 million foreign and 10.5 million Indonesian tourists.
到2019年，外國游客超過620萬人次，印尼游客超過1050萬人次。
Bali's economy has done very well with tourism, but at a cost.
巴厘島的經濟因旅游業而發展得非常好，但也付出了代價。
Rice fields where the subak once ran through have been turned into golf courses and water parks.
蘇巴克曾經經過的稻田已經變成了高爾夫球場和水上公園。
Forests that naturally collect water for the subak have been destroyed for new homes and hotels, Bawa said.
巴瓦說，為了建造新的房屋和酒店，自然為蘇巴克收集水的森林已經被摧毀。
Stroma Cole is with the University of Westminster in London.
斯特羅瑪·科爾就職于倫敦威斯敏斯特大學。
She has researched tourism's impact on Bali's water supplies.
她研究了旅游業對巴厘島供水的影響。
Cole said the water table is also dropping because people and businesses use private wells instead of government-owned supplies.
科爾說，由于人們和企業使用私人水井而不是政府提供的水源，地下水位也在下降。
The water table is the upper level of an underground surface in which rocks or soil are always surrounded by water.
地下水位是地下表面的上層，其中的巖石或土壤始終被水包圍。
In less than 10 years, Bali's water table has sunk more than 50 meters in some areas.
在不到10年的時間里，巴厘島部分地區的地下水位已經下降了50多米。
Wells are becoming dry or have been damaged with salt water, especially in the island's south.
水井正在變干涸或被鹽水破壞，尤其是在該島南部。
Bali does have rules, like water permits and taxes on water used.
巴厘島確實有規定，比如用水許可證和用水稅。
They are meant to control the island's water supplies, but there is no enforcement, Cole said.
科爾說，它們的目的是控制島上的供水，但沒有強制執行。
The serious effect of the water crisis can be seen in Jatiluwih, in northwestern Bali.
在巴厘島西北部的Jatiluwih可以看到水資源危機的嚴重影響。
The area has the island's largest rice farms.
該地區擁有島上最大的水稻農場。
For generations, farmers used the subak system for irrigation.
數代以來，農民都使用蘇巴克系統進行灌溉。
But in the past 19 years, farmers have had to pump water through white plastic pipes to irrigate the fields.
但在過去的19年里，農民不得不通過白色塑料管抽水來灌溉田地。
Some Bali farmers say they can only get one rice harvest a year, instead of two or three because of limited water supplies, Cole's research found.
科爾的研究發現，一些巴厘島農民表示，由于供水有限，他們一年只能收獲一季水稻，而不是兩三季。
That could reduce food production on the island.
這可能會減少島上的糧食產量。
When Indonesia closed its borders during the pandemic, Bali's tourism greatly dropped.
當印尼在疫情期間關閉邊境時，巴厘島的旅游業大幅下降。
Environmental activists hoped the closure would help raise water levels in the wells.
環保人士希望關閉邊境有助于提高水井的水位。
But development across the island has continued, including a new road that activists say will further affect the subak system.
但全島的開發仍在繼續，包括一條新道路，活動人士表示，這將會進一步影響蘇巴克系統。
New hotels, homes and other businesses are also adding to the demand.
新的酒店、住宅和其他企業也在增加需求。
Bawa said tourism is important to Bali but there also should be better enforcement and increased monitoring to protect the island's water resources.
巴瓦說，旅游業對巴厘島很重要，但也應該加強執法和加強監測，以保護該島的水資源。
"We need to do this together for the sake of the survival of the island."
“為了這個島的生存，我們需要共同努力。”
I'm Dan Novak.
丹·諾瓦克為您播報。
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