重點(diǎn)講解：
1. on the basis of （行事的）理由，根據(jù)；
Statement should be made on the basis of fact.
說話要有根據(jù)。
2. take place （尤指在控制或組織下）發(fā)生，進(jìn)行，舉行；
Pushed by both interior and exterior forces, institution change would mainly take place in cultural, economic and political fields.
在內(nèi)外兩種動力的作用下，制度變遷主要發(fā)生在文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治領(lǐng)域。
3. keep in mind 牢記；放在心上；
We must keep this lesson in mind.
我們要記住這個(gè)教訓(xùn)。
4. ups and downs 興衰；浮沉；起落；悲歡；
In a long life I have had many ups and downs.
在我漫長的一生中，經(jīng)過許多盛衰榮辱。