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Young American students take a variety of standardized tests.
美國年輕是學生們需要闖過多種標準化考試的難關。
But the ways that students are educated so that they'll do well on such tests presents a problem.
但是他們受到的可以很好的應付這些考試的教育模式也暴露出了缺陷。
The preparation increases what's called crystallized knowledge:
備考使得所謂的晶體智力增加：
that's factual information, such as the capital of Texas is Austin.
這是種切實存在的固定信息，諸如“得克薩斯州的首府是奧斯汀”。
But the tests do not enhance what is referred to as fluid intelligence:
但這樣的測試并不會增加他們的流體智力：
the ability to think logically or theoretically.
這是需要運用邏輯思考和理性判斷的能力。
That's according to a study in the journal Psychological Science.
這是根據在《心理學科學雜志》上發(fā)表的研究得出的結論。
Scientists analyzed test scores and IQs of almost 1,400 eighth-graders.
科學家們分析了大約1400名8年級學生們的測試及智商測試結果。
They found that schoolwork could significantly raise students' test scores, while having no effect on the ratings of their fluid intelligence scores…
他們發(fā)現(xiàn)學校作業(yè)可以有效幫助學生們提升分數(shù)，但不會增加他們的流體智力，
which are better indicators of memory capacity, thinking speed and the ability to solve abstract problems.
而就是流體智力可是記憶能力、思考速度以及解決具體問題能力等方面很好的參照物。
It's been shown that high scores on standardized tests predict success on future exams like the SAT and Advanced Placement tests.
而考試的高分成績可被用于預測之后要進行的諸如SAT和高等教育測試之類的考試。
But little is known about the effect of improving fluid intelligence.
但卻不能很好的檢驗流體智力方面提高的影響。
Still, the researchers note that crystallized intelligence is clearly important, since, for example, mathematics and comprehension are critical for later academic and employment success.
并且，研究人員們表示晶體智力固然很重要，比如，數(shù)字計算能力和理解能力，都是對進一步的科研和具體實際工作取得成功至關重要的環(huán)節(jié)。
Systems that increase fluid intelligence would therefore seem to be a good development—logically and theoretically.
增加流體智力方面的系統(tǒng)化訓練因此變成了一項好的能力提高項目—比如在邏輯思考能力和理性判斷方面。
