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通信工程 Communications Engineering
專業(yè)簡(jiǎn)介
通信工程(也作信息工程，電信工程，舊稱遠(yuǎn)距離通信工程、弱電工程)是電子工程的一個(gè)重要分支，同時(shí)也是其中一個(gè)基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科。該學(xué)科關(guān)注的是通信過程中的信息傳輸和信號(hào)處理的原理和應(yīng)用。
通信工程研究的是，以電磁波、聲波或光波的形式把信息通過電脈沖，從發(fā)送端(信源)傳輸?shù)揭粋€(gè)或多個(gè)接受端(信宿)。接受端能否正確辨認(rèn)信息，取決于傳輸中的損耗高低。信號(hào)處理是通信工程中一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)，其包括過濾，編碼和解碼等。
通信工程所關(guān)注的頻段涉及甚廣。低頻段，亦即低赫茲，關(guān)心的是技術(shù)聲學(xué)或低頻技術(shù)。高頻段中關(guān)注的范圍從微波或雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)到可見光的激光或鐳射系統(tǒng)。微波到可見光中間的頻段幾乎都是通信工程的研究對(duì)象。除此之外，通信過程中所應(yīng)用的媒介和技術(shù)，包括通信系統(tǒng)在陸上、水下、空中和宇宙空間中的應(yīng)用，也是相當(dāng)豐富的。
通信工程的基礎(chǔ)建立于應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)中的數(shù)理方程。其理論起點(diǎn)是物質(zhì)與波在傅里葉熱擴(kuò)散和麥克斯韋電動(dòng)力條件下觀察到的傳播現(xiàn)象。
世界上由人類創(chuàng)造的最大的通信系統(tǒng)是公共交換電話網(wǎng)。另外一個(gè)正在迅速發(fā)展的大型通信系統(tǒng)——英特網(wǎng)——正逐步形成電話網(wǎng)的規(guī)模，并終將有一天取而代之。不可否認(rèn)的是，如今通信工程正在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樾畔⒐こ蹋⑻鼐W(wǎng)就是一個(gè)很好的例子。一方面通信系統(tǒng)常常是信息與應(yīng)用技術(shù)的計(jì)算系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)重要組成部分，另一方面現(xiàn)代通信系統(tǒng)給信息工程予以理論和方法指導(dǎo)，并處于計(jì)算系統(tǒng)的核心位置。
就業(yè)與薪酬
Communications Engineering通常是EE專業(yè)的一個(gè)分支，很多資料普遍研究的是EE的就業(yè)與薪酬，而沒有單獨(dú)細(xì)分通信方向的就業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)。現(xiàn)在留學(xué)專家主要介紹Engineering Technicians這個(gè)崗位的就業(yè)與薪酬情況，以下內(nèi)容有EE各方向的薪酬概況。（Wired telecommunications carriers這個(gè)行業(yè)屬大部分通信專業(yè)首選）
Engineering Technicians工程技術(shù)人員
·Electrical and electronic engineering technicians make up 33 percent of all engineering technicians. Electrical and electronics engineering technicians help design， develop， test， and manufacture electrical and electronic equipment such as communication equipment； radar， industrial， and medical monitoring or control devices； navigational equipment； and computers.
Median annual earnings in May 2006 of engineering technicians by specialty are shown in the following tabulation.
· Aerospace engineering and operations technicians $53，300
· Electrical and electronic engineering technicians $50，660
· Industrial engineering technicians $46，810
· Mechanical engineering technicians $45，850
· Electro-mechanical technicians $44，720
· Civil engineering technicians $40，560
· Environmental engineering technicians $40，560
Median annual earnings of wage-and-salary electrical and electronics engineering technicians were $50，660 in May 2006. The middle 50 percent earned between $39，270 and $60，470. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $30，120， and the highest 10 percent earned more than $73，200. Median annual earnings in the industries employing the largest numbers of electrical and electronics engineering technicians are：
· Wired telecommunications carriers $54，780
· Engineering services $48，330
· Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing $45，720
· Navigational， measuring， electromedical， and control instruments manufacturing $45，140
· Employment services $38，910
2010 USNews電子/電氣/通信工程
1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1 Stanford University 1 University of California Berkeley
4 University of Illinois Urbana Champaign 5 California Institute of Technology 6 Georgia Institute of Technology
7 Carnegie Mellon University 7 University of Michigan Ann Arbor 9 Cornell University
10 Purdue University，West Lafayette 10 The University of Texas at Austin 12 Princeton University
12 University of Southern California 14 University of California Los Angeles 15 University of Maryland College Park
15 University of Wisconsin Madison 17 University of California San Diego 18 Johns Hopkins University
18 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
n. 溝通，交流，通訊，傳達(dá)，通信
