社會類
　　1."One can best understand the most important characteristics of a society by studying its major cities."
　　一個人要想真正了解一個社會的最大的特點，只用研究一下它的主要城市即可
　　2."Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated." 10. 政府必須保證主要城市用于發(fā)展的財政支持，因為國家的文化傳統(tǒng)發(fā)源于并保留在這些主要城市
　　3.."Rituals and ceremonies help define a culture. Without them, societies or groups of people have a diminished sense of who they are." 207. 典禮和儀式有助于給一種文化下定義。沒有典禮和儀式，人們就無法很好地了解自己。
　　4."The way people look, dress, and act reveals their attitudes and interests. You can tell much about a society's ideas and values by observing the appearance and behavior of its people." 208. 人們的外表、衣著和行動表現(xiàn)了他們的態(tài)度和興趣。你可以通過觀察人們的外表和行為來獲知這個社會的想法和價值
　　5.. At various times in the geological past, many species have become extinct as a result of natural, rather than human, processes. Thus, there is no justification for society to make extraordinary efforts, especially at a great cost in money and jobs, to save endangered species." 121. 在過去不同的時期，很多物種的滅絕都是自然因素造成，而并非人類行為。所以，現(xiàn)在我們花費很大的人力物力去拯救瀕臨滅絕的物種是沒有多少價值的
　　6."Government should preserve publicly owned wilderness areas in their natural state, even though these areas are often extremely remote and thus accessible to only a few people." 83. 政府應(yīng)該保護那些疆域范圍內(nèi)的偏遠地區(qū)，盡管這些地區(qū)人煙稀少
　　7."The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority." 142.當很多人都質(zhì)疑權(quán)威時候社會才會繁榮富強。
　　8."Many problems of modem society cannot be solved by laws and the legal system because moral behavior cannot be legislated."
　　現(xiàn)代社會的許多問題是法律和司法系統(tǒng)不能解決的，因為立法不能左右人的道德行為。
　　9."There are two types of laws: just and unjust. Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and, even more importantly, to disobey and resist unjust laws."
　　有兩種法律：公平的和不公平的。社會中的每個人都應(yīng)該遵守公平的法律，更重要的是，應(yīng)該不遵守或者違抗不公平的法律
　　10."Laws should not be stationary and fixed. Instead, they should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances, times, and places."
　　法律不應(yīng)該太嚴格、太固定。他們應(yīng)該根據(jù)實際情況而有伸縮性
　　11."Scandals—whether in politics, academia, or other areas—can be useful. They focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could."
　　丑聞，不管是政治、學(xué)術(shù)還是其他領(lǐng)域，可能是有用的。它們能吸引人們的注意力，而這點，是任何發(fā)言人和改革家都辦不到的(傳媒)
　　12."Public figures such as actors, politicians, and athletes should expect people to be interested in their private lives. When they seek a public role, they should expect that they will lose at least some of their privacy."
　　公眾人物，例如演員、政治家和運動員應(yīng)該預(yù)料到人們對他們私生活的關(guān)注。當他們決定成為公眾角色時，他們應(yīng)該知道自己的一些隱私將被公布于眾(媒體)
　　13."'In this age of intensive media coverage, it is no longer possible for a society to regard any woman or man as a hero. The reputation of anyone who is subjected to media scrutiny will eventually be diminished."
　　在媒體覆蓋率很大的當今社會，人們不可能把一個人當作英雄。任何有威望的人在媒體強烈的“關(guān)注”下都會名聲掃地。
　　14. "It is primarily through identification through social groups that we define ourselves."
　　我們定義自己，最重要的是通過我們和社會群體的不同來實現(xiàn)的。(不太好翻) %%%%%我們定義自己，最主要是通過我們對社會集體的參與和認識來實現(xiàn)的。 (一個孤立的人只有參與到社會集體中去，才能夠定義自己。)
　　15. "The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries."
　　一個國家的生活質(zhì)量提高和社會的安定是和其他所有國家的生活質(zhì)量提高和社會安定密不可分的。
　　16.-"The goal of politics should not be the pursuit of an ideal, but rather the search for common ground and reasonable consensus." ?? 195. 政治的目標不應(yīng)該是追求一個理想，而是尋找普遍合理的大多數(shù)人的意見
　　17."The most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives. Any leader who is quickly and easily influenced by shifts in popular opinion will accomplish little." 160. 一個好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)最主要的品質(zhì)就是對某些特定原則和目標的堅持。任何領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，如果他很容易受到大眾化觀點的影響，那他就一事無成。
　　18."In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings - trials, debates, meetings, etc. - that are televised, the more society will benefit."
　　在很多國家，人們一打開電視就能看到政府人員辦公的場景。觀看這樣的場景有助于人們理解影響他們生活的決議。政府辦公的過程，如日常事物、辯論、會議等，向人們開放得越多，人們就越能從中受益
　　19."Tradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them."
　　傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代是不相容的。人們必須在二者之間做出選擇。
　　20."In any profession—business, politics, education, government—those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership."
　　在任何領(lǐng)域，商業(yè)、政治、教育、政府，掌權(quán)者應(yīng)該在5年任期后下臺。對任何公司企業(yè)來說，取得成功最保險的途徑就是聘用新生的人擔當領(lǐng)導(dǎo)
　　21."Such nonmainstream areas of inquiry as astrology, fortune-telling, and psychic and paranormal pursuits play a vital role in society by satisfying human needs that are not addressed by mainstream science."
　　一些非主流的領(lǐng)域，如占星、算命以及偏執(zhí)在社會中扮演著非常重要的角色，它們滿足了人們的那些主流科學(xué)滿足不了的需要。

歷史類
　　1."The greatness of individuals can be decided only by those who live after them, not by their contemporaries."
　　只有后來人評價以前的人，而不應(yīng)該同時代的人相互評價
　　2.."When we concern ourselves with the study of history, we become storytellers. Because we can never know the past directly but must construct it by interpreting evidence, exploring history is more of a creative enterprise than it is an objective pursuit. All historians are storytellers." 110. 當我們把自己和歷史關(guān)聯(lián)起來時，我們變成了講故事的人。因為我們無從知道過去發(fā)生的事情，但是又必須要把她們表述出來，所以歷史研究是一個非常有創(chuàng)造性的領(lǐng)域，而并非一個客觀的過程。所有的歷史學(xué)家都是講故事的人(storyteller)
　　3. "The best way to understand the character of a society is to examine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or its heroines."
　　理解一個社會特征的最好的方法就是研究那個社會所認為的偉大人物
　　4."The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."
　　對歷史的研究把太多的重點放在對某些個人上。而歷史上一些重大的事件和發(fā)展趨勢不是由個別名人決定的，而可能是由那些已經(jīng)被人們淡忘的人制造的
　　5"Most people would agree that buildings represent a valuable record of any society's past, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground that modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes. In such situations, modern development should be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served."
　　很多人認為建筑代表了一個社會過去的歷史價值，但是當現(xiàn)代城市的規(guī)劃者想要利用老建筑占用的地盤做新的規(guī)劃時，就會引起很多爭辯。在這樣的情況下，現(xiàn)代的發(fā)展應(yīng)該優(yōu)先被考慮，以使當代的需要得到滿足。
　　6"History teaches us only one thing: knowing about the past cannot help people to make important decisions today."
　　7."So much is new and complex today that looking back for an understanding of the past provides little guidance for living in the present."
　　現(xiàn)在的生活日新月異，對過去的研究學(xué)習(xí)沒有實際的指導(dǎo)意義
　　8."The study of history has value only to the extent that it is relevant to our daily lives."
　　只有當歷史和我們的生活相關(guān)時，對它的研究才有擴展性和價值
　　科技類
　　1.”The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are only tools of human minds.”
　　人總是比機器聰明，因為機器只不過是人類的工具而已
　　2"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."
　　技術(shù)進步的最主要的目標就是提高人們的效率，使得每個人都有更多的閑暇時間
　　3."Technologies not only influence but actually determine social customs and ethics."
　　科學(xué)技術(shù)不但影響而且決定了社會風俗和民族習(xí)慣
　　4."Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life."
　　科學(xué)技術(shù)產(chǎn)生了許多不能解決的問題，對人們的生活質(zhì)量構(gòu)成威脅
　　5"Only through mistakes can there be discovery or progress."
　　不犯錯誤就不會有發(fā)現(xiàn)和進步
　　6.The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records."
　　攝像機可以通過如此精確而有力的紀錄手段來再現(xiàn)當代生活，因此它已經(jīng)代替書面紀錄成為一種更重要的紀錄手段
　　7."High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication."
　　8."In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books."
　　在電視機時代，閱讀書籍已經(jīng)沒有原來那樣重要了。人們從電視上學(xué)到的東西絲毫不比從書本中學(xué)來的少
　　9."Because of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete."
　　通過電視和全世界聯(lián)網(wǎng)的計算機，人們得以了解很多他們沒有去過的地方。所以，旅游事業(yè)會越來越不景氣
　　10."With the growth of global networks in such areas as economics and communication, there is no doubt that every aspect of society—including education, politics, the arts, and the sciences—will benefit greatly from international influences."
　　隨著全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)的增長，如經(jīng)濟和通訊，整個社會的各方各面，包括教育、政治、藝術(shù)和科學(xué)，都從中獲益非淺。
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