評論
打印
Shep, thank you so much for coming. I think your plane landed literally two hours ago in Vancouver.
克里斯·謝普，感謝你的到來。我聽說你乘坐的航班兩個小時前剛到達溫哥華。
Such a treat to have you. So, talk us through how do you get from Einstein's equation to a black hole?
非常高興今天你能來這里。那么，給我們講講你是如何從愛因斯坦方程式中提取黑洞信息的？
Over 100 years ago, Einstein came up with this geometric theory of gravity which deforms space-time.
100多年前，愛因斯坦提出了引力的幾何理論，這個理論改變了時空。
So, matter deforms space-time, and then space-time tells matter in turn how to move around it.
所以，物質改變了時空，而時空反過來規定了物質的運行規律。
And you can get enough matter into a small enough region that it punctures space-time,
你可以將足夠多的物質聚集到一個非常小的空間里撞擊時空，
and that even light can't escape, the force of gravity keeps even light inside.
即使是光也無法逃離，引力的作用會使得光困在里面。
And so, before that, the reason the Earth moves around the Sun is not because the Sun is pulling the Earth as we think,
在那之前，地球之所以圍繞太陽公轉的理由并不是我們以為的太陽吸引著地球，
but it's literally changed the shape of space so that we just sort of fall around the Sun.
而是字面意義上的太陽改變了宇宙的形狀，所以地球可以說是正在向太陽靠近并公轉。
Exactly, the geometry of space-time tells the Earth how to move around the Sun.
沒錯，時空的幾何結構規定了地球圍繞太陽公轉的軌道。
You're almost seeing a black hole puncture through space-time,
你幾乎能看到一個黑洞穿過時空，
and when it goes so deeply in, then there's a point at which light orbits the black hole.
當它進入很深的時候，在某個時刻光就會圍繞黑洞運轉。
And so that's, I guess, is what's happening here. This is not an image,
我猜這就是現在我們所看到的景象。這不是一張照片，
this is a computer simulation of what we always thought, like, the event horizon around the black hole.
這是電腦模擬下我們所想象的在黑洞周圍的事件視界。
Until last week, we had no idea what a black hole really looked like.
直到上周，我們才知道黑洞的真實樣貌。
The best we could do were simulations like this in supercomputers,
我們所能做的就是用超級電腦構建類似的模擬場景，
but even here you see this ring of light, which is the orbit of photons.
但即使是現在，你看到的這個光圈，其實是光子的運行軌道，
That's where photons literally move around the black hole,
它展現了光子圍繞黑洞的運行軌道，
and around that is this hot gas that's drawn to the black hole, and it's hot because of friction.
在它的周圍是高熱氣體，被拉近黑洞，它們之所以很熱是因為摩擦。
All this gas is trying to get into a very small volume, so it heats up.
這些氣體試圖壓縮體積，所以它們的溫度會上升。
