work overtime 加班
To be working more hours at one's job than one is scheduled or required to do.
I've been working overtime all week to get this project done by the deadline.
為了在截止日期前把這個(gè)方案趕出來，我一直加班一整周了！

overtime pay 加班費(fèi)
Payment for additional work done outside of regular working hours.

nine-to-fiver 朝九晚五者
Typically a person who works 9am-5pm Monday through Friday at their job every week.

clock in／punch in: To mark one's arrival at work. 打卡上班
I clocked in 20 minutes late today.
我今天上班打卡遲了20分鐘。

clock out／punch out: To mark one's departure from work. 打卡下班
I really need to punch out now because my shift ended over an hour ago.
我的輪班一小時(shí)前就結(jié)束了，我真的要打卡下班了。

遲到早退
be late 遲到
leave early 早退

sick leave：time that you are allowed to spend away from work because you are sick. 病假
on sick leave 正在病假期間
He has been on sick leave for more than three months.
他已經(jīng)請(qǐng)了三個(gè)月病假了。

請(qǐng)假 & 缺席
time off：Time away from work, school, or other responsibilities.
因?yàn)楦鞣N原因請(qǐng)假。
I'm taking some time off of work to look after my daughter while she recovers from her surgery.
因?yàn)槲遗畠菏中g(shù)后恢復(fù)期需要照顧，我要請(qǐng)假。
ask for sick leave/time off 請(qǐng)求（老板）批準(zhǔn)病假／事假
absent without leave：Away without permission or explanation. 無故缺席