On top of all this, Mr Wickremesinghe says that some of the bombers had been to Syria; they are likely to have been among the three dozen Sri Lankans who have fought with IS. In short, Sri Lanka is not as quarantined from global jihadist networks as one might think. Few countries are. And as is has been bombed out of its so-called caliphate, thousands of its fighters have dispersed the world over, grafting themselves onto local Islamist groups like Sri Lanka’s NTJ and disseminating ideology and expertise. The threat of jihadist attacks is therefore likely to grow.
最重要的是，維克勒馬辛哈表示，一些炸彈襲擊者曾去過(guò)敘利亞；他們很可能是與IS作戰(zhàn)的30多名斯里蘭卡人中的一員。簡(jiǎn)而言之，斯里蘭卡并不像人們想象的那樣與全球圣戰(zhàn)分子網(wǎng)隔絕。很少有國(guó)家隔絕。隨著伊斯蘭國(guó)被炸彈轟出所謂的哈里發(fā)國(guó)，成千上萬(wàn)的伊斯蘭國(guó)武裝分子分散在世界各地，并加入了當(dāng)?shù)氐囊了固m組織，比如斯里蘭卡的NTJ，并傳播意識(shí)形態(tài)和專業(yè)知識(shí)。因此，圣戰(zhàn)分子襲擊的威脅可能會(huì)增加。
Last, the form of the atrocity in Sri Lanka—striking not only at hotels full of Westerners, but also at three churches—reflects the changing pattern of jihadist violence. Though al-Qaeda railed against “Jews and Crusaders” in the 1990s, it made its name striking secular targets, such as embassies and warships. Its more radical offshoot, is, instead came to prominence in Iraq by slaughtering local Muslims who disagreed with its bloodthirsty interpretation of the Koran, often with a degree of violence that even al-Qaeda’s leaders thought excessive.
最后，斯里蘭卡暴行不僅發(fā)生在擠滿西方人的酒店，還發(fā)生在三個(gè)教堂，這種形式反映了圣戰(zhàn)暴力模式的變化?；亟M織盡管在20世紀(jì)90年代曾譴責(zé)“猶太人和十字軍”，但卻以打擊大使館和軍艦等非宗教目標(biāo)而聞名。相反，伊斯蘭國(guó)更為激進(jìn)的分支在伊拉克因屠殺當(dāng)?shù)啬滤沽侄暶o起，這些穆斯林不同意伊斯蘭國(guó)對(duì)《古蘭經(jīng)》嗜血的解讀，其暴力程度甚至連基地組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都認(rèn)為過(guò)分。
IS has exported its modus operandi. In 2017 al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS), al-Qaeda’s South Asian branch, published a code of conduct that said Hindu, Muslim and Buddhist civilians and places of worship would not be attacked. By contrast, is proudly claims attacks on religious targets, including churches in Egypt, the Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan and now Sri Lanka. The aim of such sectarian terrorism is to promote the narrative of a clash of civilisations—an aim the jihadists share with white-nationalist terrorists, such as the one who attacked two mosques in New Zealand last month.
IS已經(jīng)輸出了它的運(yùn)作方式。2017年，基地組織南亞分支——印度次大陸基地組織發(fā)布了一份行為準(zhǔn)則，稱印度教、穆斯林和佛教平民以及宗教場(chǎng)所不會(huì)受到襲擊。相比之下，伊斯蘭國(guó)自豪地宣稱對(duì)宗教目標(biāo)發(fā)動(dòng)襲擊，包括埃及、菲律賓、印度尼西亞、巴基斯坦和現(xiàn)在的斯里蘭卡的教堂。這種宗派恐怖主義的目的是促進(jìn)文明沖突的敘述——圣戰(zhàn)分子與白人民族主義恐怖分子有著共同的目標(biāo)，比如上個(gè)月在新西蘭襲擊兩座清真寺的那名恐怖分子。
Both groups want to sow discord and force people to choose sides. The jihadists would love to provoke a backlash against Muslims, in the hope of pushing more Muslims into their camp. Neither governments nor citizens should fall into that trap. Instead, they should work harder to catch terrorists, while doing their best to soothe relations between Muslims and their neighbours. It was the Muslim Council of Sri Lanka, remember, that first reported NTJ to the authorities three years ago.
兩派都想挑撥離間，迫使人們選擇立場(chǎng)。圣戰(zhàn)分子很樂(lè)意激起對(duì)穆斯林的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)，希望能把更多的穆斯林推向他們的陣營(yíng)。政府和公民都不應(yīng)落入這個(gè)陷阱。相反，他們應(yīng)該更加努力地抓捕恐怖分子，同時(shí)盡最大努力緩和穆斯林與其鄰居之間的關(guān)系。請(qǐng)記住，三年前第一次向當(dāng)局報(bào)告NTJ的是斯里蘭卡穆斯林委員會(huì)。
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