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Michael Roizen, M.D., is chief wellness officer at the Cleveland Clinic and a New York Times best-selling author. Michael Crupain, M.D., is chief medical officer for television's The Dr. Oz Show. Both have long linked a better diet with better health. But their new book, What to Eat When, says emerging science confirms that "when you eat is as essential as what you eat for maintaining a good weight, preventing and curing some diseases, and living a long, energetic, and happy life."
醫學博士邁克爾·羅伊森是克利夫蘭醫學中心的健康總監及《紐約時報》的暢銷書作者，醫學博士邁克爾·克魯佩因是電視節目《奧茲醫生秀》的首席醫療官。長期以來，他倆一直認為良好的健康狀況與良好的飲食相關。但他倆在合著的新書《什么時候吃什么》中卻說，最新的科學證實，“要保持適當的體重、預防和治療某些疾病以及長壽、精力充沛和生活幸福，什么時候吃與吃什么同等重要”。
Ahead of the book's December release, the doctor-authors answered questions for National Geographic.
日前，這兩位醫生作家回答了《國家地理》雜志的提問。
Tell us about the science behind your approach to eating.
請給我們講講你們倡導的飲食方法背后的科學原理。
We're all familiar with our biological clocks -- the circadian rhythm that sends out chemical signals at certain times to help us wake, sleep, and do other activities. Well, we also have a food clock with a similar purpose: to sync our consumption of food with chemical reactions in the body.
我們都很熟悉我們自己的生物鐘--生物節律在特定的時間發出化學信號，幫助我們醒來、睡去以及從事其他活動。那么，我們體內還有一個作用與之類似的食物鐘：能使我們對食物的消耗與體內發生的化學反應同步。
According to these clocks, the optimal way to eat is to consume more energy earlier in the day and less energy later in the day. But our bodies crave the opposite -- more calories at the end of the day and fewer in the morning. This is a holdover from a time when humans' food supply was unreliable and storing energy was an advantage. Today this schedule of eating has negative effects on our health: Studies in animals and humans have associated it with weight gain, chronic disease, and premature aging.
根據這些生物鐘的要求，最佳的飲食方式是，在一天中的早些時候多消耗些能量，而在晚些時候少消耗能量。但我們的身體對能量的渴求卻正好相反--在晚上攝入更多的熱量，而早上攝入的熱量較少。在人類食物供應不足的時代，儲存能量是一種生存優勢，這便是那時遺留下來的問題。如今，這種飲食習慣對我們的健康產生了負面影響：對動物和人的研究表明，它會造成體重增加、慢性疾病和早衰。
So we need to override that craving-driven schedule and eat in a way -- more early, less later -- that aligns food patterns with our internal clocks. We call this chrononutrition.
因此，我們需要摒棄這種由身體的渴望驅動的飲食習慣，而轉變成早上多吃、晚上少吃的飲食方式，使食物的模式與我們的生物鐘保持一致，我們稱之為“壽命營養學”。
