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Chapter 11
第十一章
The thirty spokes unite in the one nave; but it is on the empty space (for the axle), that the use of the wheel depends.
三十輻共一轂，當其無，有車之用。
Clay is fashioned into vessels; but it is on their empty hollowness, that their use depends.
埏埴以為器，當其無，有器之用。
The door and windows are cut out (from the walls) to form an apartment; but it is on the empty space (within), that its use depends.
鑿戶牖以為室，當其無，有室之用。
Therefore, what has a (positive) existence serves for profitable adaptation, and what has not that for (actual) usefulness.
故有之以為利，無之以為用。
