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And this is how it works. Gravity is more powerful where there's more stuff.
這就是它怎么運(yùn)作的。重力場(chǎng)的作用力更大，擁有比較多的物質(zhì)。
So where you get slightly denser areas, gravity starts compacting clouds of hydrogen and helium atoms.
所以這里我們有個(gè)密度稍微大的區(qū)域，重力場(chǎng)開(kāi)始凝結(jié)成氫氦原子的原子云。
So we can imagine the early universe breaking up into a billion clouds.
我們能想象早期宇宙散布在十億的原子云中。
And each cloud is compacted, gravity gets more powerful as density increases,
每片云都是緊湊的，重力場(chǎng)就隨著密度的增加而效果更加明顯，
the temperature begins to rise at the center of each cloud, and then, at the center,
在每片云的中心溫度開(kāi)始升高，而且在每片云的中心，
the temperature crosses the threshold temperature of 10 million degrees, protons start to fuse,
溫度超過(guò)了閾溫度之上一千萬(wàn)度，質(zhì)子開(kāi)始融合，
there's a huge release of energy, and -- bam! We have our first stars.
這釋放出大量的能量，接著，轟！我們就有了第一顆恒星。
From about 200 million years after the Big Bang, stars begin to appear all through the universe, billions of them.
大約距離大爆炸之后的2億年，恒星開(kāi)始在整個(gè)宇宙出現(xiàn)，成千上萬(wàn)的恒星。
And the universe is now significantly more interesting and more complex.
宇宙現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始相當(dāng)?shù)挠腥ぃ哺訌?fù)雜。
Stars will create the Goldilocks conditions for crossing two new thresholds.
恒星開(kāi)始創(chuàng)作黃金條件來(lái)超越兩個(gè)新的起始點(diǎn)。
When very large stars die, they create temperatures so high that protons begin to fuse in all sorts of exotic combinations,
當(dāng)巨大的星系泯滅的時(shí)候，它們有著很高的溫度，以至于質(zhì)子開(kāi)始融合進(jìn)入各種奇異混合物中，
to form all the elements of the periodic table. If, like me, you're wearing a gold ring, it was forged in a supernova explosion.
來(lái)形成在元素周期表上的所有元素。就好像，你正帶著一個(gè)黃金的戒指，它是天體爆炸而鑄就的。
So now the universe is chemically more complex.
所以現(xiàn)在的宇宙在化學(xué)程度上是更加復(fù)雜的。
And in a chemically more complex universe, it's possible to make more things.
對(duì)于一個(gè)化學(xué)程度上更加復(fù)雜的宇宙而言，就有可能做更多的事情。
And what starts happening is that, around young suns, young stars, all these elements combine,
然后要開(kāi)始產(chǎn)生的是新生的太陽(yáng)，新生的恒星，所有的元素結(jié)合，
they swirl around, the energy of the star stirs them around, they form particles, they form snowflakes,
它們?cè)谝黄鹦D(zhuǎn)，星球的能量攪拌它們，它們形成微粒，形成雪花，
they form little dust motes, they form rocks, they form asteroids, and eventually, they form planets and moons.
形成微小的灰塵微粒，它們形成巖石，形成小行星，最后它們形成行星和月亮。
And that is how our solar system was formed, four and a half billion years ago.
這就是我們太陽(yáng)系在45億年前形成的過(guò)程。
Rocky planets like our Earth are significantly more complex than stars because they contain a much greater diversity of materials.
巖石型的行星，比如地球，比起其他恒星就明顯更加復(fù)雜了，因?yàn)樗鼈儼烁佣鄻有缘奈镔|(zhì)。
So we've crossed a fourth threshold of complexity.
因此我們已經(jīng)穿過(guò)了第四個(gè)復(fù)雜性的起始點(diǎn)。
